Wikipedia

Philoliche

Philoliche is a genus of long-tongued horse-flies found in the Old World. It is placed in the tribe Philolichini.[7] The clade is thought to have originated about 40 million years ago and the 120 or more species are thought to have originated in Africa and expanded into Asia. The plants that they pollinate tend to have elongate corolla tubes.[8]

Philoliche
Philoliche sp., south India
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Tabanidae
Subfamily: Pangoniinae
Tribe: Philolichini
Genus: Philoliche
Wiedemann, 1820[1]
Type species
Tabanus rostratus
Linnaeus, 1764
Synonyms

The species Philoliche longirostris is noted for having the longest extension of the labium, used by males and females to obtain nectar. Females obtain blood from vertebrates using the shorter feeding tube (or syntrophium) that is hidden at the base of the labium.[9]

Species

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Species in the genus include:

References

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  1. ^ Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1820). Diptera exotica. Sectio I. Antennis multiarticulatis. [Edition1]. Kilae [= Kiel]: No publisher. pp. xix + 38.
  2. ^ Walker, F. (1850). Diptera. Part I, pp. 1-76, pls. 1-2. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. 1. London: Van Voorst. p. 474.
  3. ^ a b c d Macquart, P.J.M. (1855). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 5.e supplément. Paris: Roret. pp. 5–136.
  4. ^ Rondani, C. (1863). Diptera exotica revisa et annotata. Novis non nullis descriptis. Modena: E. Soliani. pp. 1-99 pp., 1 pl.
  5. ^ a b Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. pp. 388pp., 4 pls.
  6. ^ Ôuchi, Y. (1940). "Contributiones ad Cognitionem Insectorum Asiae Orientalis. X. On a new species belonging to genus Coryzoneura (Tabanidae) from Japan". J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 4 (3): 307–309.
  7. ^ Moucha, J. (1976). "Horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae Supplements. 7: 1–320. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  8. ^ Johnson, Steven D. (2024-07-23). "Long‐proboscid horseflies ( Philoliche : Tabanidae) as pollinators of co‐adapted plants in Africa and Asia". Journal of Applied Entomology. doi:10.1111/jen.13333. ISSN 0931-2048.
  9. ^ Morita, Shelah I. (2008). "A phylogeny of long-tongued horse flies (Diptera:Tabanidae:Philoliche) with the first cladistic review of higher relationships within the family". Invertebrate Systematics. 22 (3): 311. doi:10.1071/IS07005.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Enderlein, G. (1925). "Studien an blutsaugenden Insekten I. Grundlagen eines neuen Systems der Tabaniden". Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum. 11: 255–409.
  11. ^ Walker, F. (1848). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. part 1. London: British Museum. pp. 1–229.
  12. ^ a b Thunberg, C.P. (1789). D. D. Museum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis. Upsaliae [=Uppsala]: Cujus Partem Septiman. pp. 85–94.
  13. ^ a b c Fabricius, Johann Christian (1805). Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species. Bransvigae: Apud Carolum Reichard. pp. i–xiv, 1–373. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  14. ^ Usher, P.J. (1965). "Records and descriptions of Tabaindae from southern Africa (Diptera)". Annals of the Natal Museum. 18: 27–87. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Oldroyd, H. (1957). The horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the Ethiopian Region. III. Subfamilies Chrysopinae, Scepsidinae and pangoniinae and a revised classification. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. xii + 489.
  16. ^ a b Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1821). Diptera exotica. Sectio II. Antennis parumarticulatis. [Edition 1]. Kilae [= Kiel]: no publisher given. pp. iv + pp. 43–50 + 101 pp., 2 pls.
  17. ^ a b c d Austen, E.E. (1911). "On Tabanidae collected in north-eastern Rhodesia and Katanga, Congo Free State, by Dr. S. and Mr. S.A. Neave, with descriptions of new species [concl.]". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 1 (5): 281–290.
  18. ^ a b Bezzi, M. (1901). "Materiali per la conoscenza della fauna Eritrea raccolti dal Dott. paolo Magretti". Ditteri. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 33: 5–25.
  19. ^ a b c Austen, E.E. (1937). "New genera and species of Ethiopian Tabanidae, subfamily Pangoniinae (Diptera)". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (C). 107: 31–34.
  20. ^ a b Bigot, J.M.F. (1892). "Descriptions de Diptères nouveaux. Tabanidi". Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France. 5: 602–691. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  21. ^ Bezzi, M (1892). "Di alcuni ditteri raccolti nel paese dei Somali dall' ingegnere L. Bricchetti-Robecchi". Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. 12 (32) (2): 181–196.
  22. ^ a b c d Austen, E.E. (1910). "New African phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History). - Part VII. Tabanidae (continued)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 6 (8): 337–356. doi:10.1080/00222931008692861. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  23. ^ Bequaert, J.C. (1913). "Tabanides recueillis au Congo belge par la mission pour l'étude de la maladie du sommeil. I. Pangoniinae". Revue Zoologique Africaine. 2: 218–231. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  24. ^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement. Paris: Roret. pp. 104 pp, 6 pls.
  25. ^ a b c d e f Austen, E.E. (1920). "Notes on the nomenclature of certain African Tabanidae (sub-family Pangoniinae), with descriptions of a new genus and new species". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 11 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1017/S0007485300044540. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  26. ^ Macquart, P. J. M. (1834). Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome premiere. Paris: Roret. pp. 578 + 8 pp., 12 pls.
  27. ^ a b Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.
  28. ^ a b c d e Austen, E.E. (1912). "New African Tabanidae. - Part 1". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 3 (2): 113–136. doi:10.1017/S0007485300001784. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  29. ^ a b c Austen, E.E. (1908). "New African phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History). - Part I. Tabanidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 1 (8): 209–228.
  30. ^ a b Macquart, P.J.M. (1838). "Notice sur le genre Pangonie". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 6: 429–438, pl. 15. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  31. ^ Ricardo, G. (1914). "List of South African Tabanidae (Diptera) in the South African Museum, with descriptions of new species". Annals of the South African Museum. 10: 447–461. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  32. ^ Latreille, P.A. (1812). "Insectes. Encyclopedia Methodique". Histoire naturelle. 8 (2): 361–722.
  33. ^ a b Chvála, M. (1969). "Einige neue oder bekannte Bremsen (Diptera, Tabanidae) von Nepal". Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 66: 39–54.
  34. ^ Hardwicke, T. (1823). "Description of Cermatia longicornis and of three new insects from Nepaul". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 14: 131–136, 1 pl. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00084.x. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  35. ^ a b Walker, F. (1854). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part V. [=Supplement I]. London: British Museum. pp. 1–330.
  36. ^ Walker, F. (1871). "List of Diptera collected in Egypt and Arabia, by J. K. Lord, Esq., with descriptions of the species new to science". Entomologist. 5: 255–263.
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