Phrynoidis is a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae.[1][2] They are found in Mainland Southeast Asia and the Greater Sundas. They are sometimes known as the rough toads[1] or river toads.[3]
| Phrynoidis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Phrynoidis asper | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Phrynoidis Fitzinger, 1842 |
| Type species | |
| Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829
| |
Systematics
editPhrynoidis was included in Bufo until 2006.[1] Their sister taxon is the genus Rentapia (formerly part of then polyphyletic Pedostibes).[3]
Description
editPhrynoidis are large toads, with a maximum female snout–vent length of 121–215 mm (4.8–8.5 in), depending on the species (males are smaller). Finger tips are dilated into keratinized, bulbous tips. Supernumerary palmar tubercles are present. The fingers have basal webbing. The tadpoles have large oral disc that is as wide as the body.[3]
Phrynoidis are terrestrial riparian habitat generalists. They lay very large egg clutches.[3]
Species
edit- Phrynoidis asper (Gravenhorst, 1829)
- Phrynoidis juxtasper (Inger, 1964)
References
edit- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Phrynoidis Fitzinger in Treitschke, 1842". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ a b "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ a b c d Chan, Kin Onn; Grismer, L. Lee; Zachariah, Anil; Brown, Rafe M. & Abraham, Robin Kurian (2016). "Polyphyly of Asian tree toads, genus Pedostibes Günther, 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae), and the description of a new genus from Southeast Asia" (PDF). PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0145903. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1145903C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145903. PMC 4720419. PMID 26788854.