Phylloteras volutellae, the conical oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp (family Cynipidae),[1] tribe Cynipini (oak gall wasps),[2] found in North America.[3][4]
| Phylloteras volutellae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Galls on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) | |
| |
| Galls on swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Genus: | Phylloteras |
| Species: | P. volutellae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Phylloteras volutellae Ashmead, 1897
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Xystoteras volutellae | |
Larvae induce galls on the leaves of white oaks, including bur oak (Quecus macrocarpa) and swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor).[5]
Description
editEach gall contains a single larva and is formed on the underside of host leaves, often in clusters. The detachable gall is conical in shape and concave at the top.[6][7]
The adult emerges from the gall in early January, but is otherwise undescribed.[6]
Ecology
editInquiline species found in the galls include Synergus walshii Gillette, 1896 (Cynipidae).[8]
References
edit- ^ Weld, Lewis H. (1959). "Cynipid Galls of the Eastern United States". The Canadian Entomologist. The Entomological Society of Washington.
- ^ Stone, Graham N.; Schönrogge, Karsten; Atkinson, Rachel J.; Bellido, David; Pujade-Villar, Juli (January 2002). "The Population Biology of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Annual Review of Entomology. 47 (1): 633–668. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145247. PMID 11729087.
- ^ "Phylloteras Ashmead, 1897". GBIF.
- ^ "Phylloteras volutellae". Discover Life.
- ^ "Phylloteras volutellae". Gallformers.
- ^ a b Ashmead, William (1897). "Descriptions of Five New Genera in the Family Cynipidae". The Canadian Entomologist. 20–21. Biodiversity Heritage Library: 260.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Species Phylloteras volutellae". BugGuide.net.
- ^ Nastasi, Louis F.; Deans, Andrew R. (24 Aug 2021). "Catalogue of Rose Gall, Herb Gall, and Inquiline Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico". Biodiversity Data Journal. 9: e68558: e68558. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558. PMC 8408096. PMID 34539199.
