Piera Fondelli Gatteschi (22 August 1902 - 7 September 1985) was the commander of the Female Auxiliary Service of the Italian Social Republic, a member of the National Fascist Party and a participant in the March on Rome.
Piera Gatteschi Fondelli | |
|---|---|
| Born | 22 August 1902 Poppi, Tuscany, Italy[1][2] |
| Died | 7 September 1985 (aged 83) Rome, Italy |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | Italian Social Republic |
| Service | Female Auxiliary Service |
| Years of service | 1944-1945 |
| Rank | Generale di brigata |
| Commands | Commander of the Female Auxiliary Service (1944–45) |
| Battles / wars | Second World War |
Early life
editPiera Fondelli was born in Poppi[1][2] in Tuscany. Her father died before her birth and she moved to Rome with her mother before 1914. On March 23, 1921, she enrolled in the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento in Rome with Ines Donati with whom she attended the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma.[3] On 19 October 1922 she took part in the PNF congress held in Naples and on October 28, the twenty-year-old Piera was the head of a small group of twenty women who formed the "honor squad escorting the pennant" and with them participated in the March on Rome.[3]
She then became inspector of the Federation of the Urbe, taking care of the Opera nazionale maternità e infanzia, of the Italian Red Cross. In 1936 she left her post to follow Count Mario Gatteschi in Italian East Africa, whom she married becoming the Countess Gatteschi Fondelli, an engineer who directed the works on the Assab-Addis Ababa road. When, three years later, she returned to Italy, Mussolini appointed her a Trustee of the Female Fasci of the City which had 150,000 members and in 1940 a national inspector for the party.
After the fall of fascism on 25 July 1943, she took refuge with her in-laws in the Casentino,[4] while her husband, who returned to Africa as a fighter, was imprisoned by the British in Kenya. Informed that Mussolini was freed and founded the Italian Social Republic in Northern Italy, Piera moved to Brescia and started a new collaboration with Alessandro Pavolini, the party secretary. Here, at the end of 1943, Piera wrote to the Mussolini the desire of fascist women to have a more incisive role in the defense of the country, a project supported by Pavolini and accepted by Rodolfo Graziani, since many men were needed for the war and women became necessary to assist them and to replace them in the many non-front-line roles.
On 18 April 1944, the Female Auxiliary Service was established under Fondelli's leadership. The auxiliaries initially provided only nursing assistance in military hospitals, work in offices and propaganda, and set up mobile refreshment places for the troops. In the space of twelve months 6,000 young women participate in six training courses, in Venice and Como; only then were they assigned to the Commands. After April 25, 1945, the Female Auxiliary Service was dissolved and Pavolini suggested destroying all documentation to avoid reprisals against members.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b Miriam Mafai, Natalia Aspesi, Le Donne italiane: il chi è del '900, Rizzoli, Milano 1993, p. 240.
- ^ a b "Gatteschi Fondelli Piera"
- ^ a b c “Storia di Piera e delle altre squadriste”
- ^ “Una pagina al giorno: Vendette demoniache, di Piera Gatteschi Fondelli”
- ^ "Storia. Donne in divisa: le ausiliarie Rsi dalla Fanolla al generale Piera Gatteschi Fondelli"
Bibliography
edit- Luciano Garibaldi, Le soldatesse di Mussolini. Con il memoriale inedito di Piera Gatteschi Fondelli, Mursia, 1997 ISBN 9788842522423
- Marino Viganò, Donne in grigioverde: il Comando generale del Servizio ausiliario femminile della Repubblica sociale italiana, Settimo Sigillo, 1995
- Ulderico Munzi, Donne di Salò, Sperling, 2004