Pierre-Philippe Thomire (1751–1843) a French sculptor, was the most prominent bronzier, or producer of ornamental patinated and gilt-bronze objects and furniture mounts of the First French Empire. His fashionable neoclassical and Empire style furnishing bronzes (bronzes d'ameublement) established the highest standard in refined finish in the craft that the French called that of the fondeur-ciseleur, "founder-finisher". In his pre-Revolutionary training, Thomire appeared first as a ciseleur, in the division of duties that went into the production, for example, of a set of gilt-bronze wall-lights delivered for Marie-Antoinette's card-room, her Salon des Jeux at Compiègne: under the general supervision of Hauré, the wax and wooden model was carved by Martin, cast by Forestier, and chased by Thomire, as Pierre Verlet was able to show over fifty years ago.[1]
He had received his training in the workshop of Pierre Gouthière, the outstanding Parisian ciseleur-doreur working in the Louis XVI style, before establishing his own shop in 1776. He gradually assumed the leading position of his former master. In 1784 a pair of Sèvres vases with Raphaelesque grotesques in violet on a white ground, made in 1782 were mounted with gilt-bronze goats as handles, which Pierre Verlet recognized in a memorandum delivered by Thomire, who was responsible for modelling in wax, casting, matte gilding and mounting on the porcelain.[2] In 1783–84 he received his first notable commission, casting and finishing the gilt-bronze handles modelled by Louis-Simon Boizot for a pair of Sèvres porcelain vases, today divided between the Musée du Louvre and Palazzo Pitti.
Under the Empire, Thomire purchased the fashionable premises of the marchand-mercier Martin-Éloi Lignereux, for whom he had provided furnishing bronzes[3] in rue Taitbout, Paris. When he exhibited in the 1806 Exposition Publique des Produits de l'Industrie, the first time a bronzier was permitted among the exhibiters, he gained a gold medal.[4] His most prestigious commission was the execution of the cradle for the King of Rome,[5] which was designed by Pierre Paul Prud'hon and in which Thomire collaborated with the Imperial silversmith Odiot; in a second cradle,[6] Thomire alone was responsible. At the height of his business, Niclausse estimated[7] Thomire employed six or seven hundred workers. A great number of the bronzes by Thomire in the Imperial residences had been commissioned, but further bronzes were supplied as collateral for a loan that was extended to Thomire in 1807 and which he was unable to repay, which consequently passed into the Imperial collection in 1811.[8]
Under the Restauration, Thomire Duterme et Cie.[9] retained the highest clientele, among them Monsieur, the King's brother,[10] the duc de Berry, and as furnishers to the Garde Meuble de la Couronne,[11] though elaborate measures were taken to rededicate Napoleonic allegories in bronze and ormolu with suitably Bourbon ones.[12] In one, Thomire cast and finished a martial allegory sculpted by Louis-Simon Boizot, who had provided draped caryatid models for furniture mounts that were touched up by Thomire, applied to the upper corners of a secretary desk by Guillaume Beneman, delivered for the King's cabinet intérieure at Compiègne, 1787.[13]
In a notable commission for Count Nicolay Demidoff in 1819, Thomire produced finely-made figures of Fame with doubled trumpets to serve as handles for the massive malachite-veneered vase now at the Metropolitan Museum.[14] Thomire retired from his firm in 1823.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Pierre Verlet, "The Wallace Collection and the Study of French Eighteenth-Century Bronzes d'ameublement" The Burlington Magazine 92 No. 567 (June 1950, pp. 154-15) p. 156. The wall-lights are identifiable in the Wallace Collection, London, by their stamped royal inventory numbers.
- ^ 20 septembre 1784. Garniture de vases à bouc, fonte, modèle en cire, monture, dorure au mat noted in Pierre Verlet, "Orders for Sèvres from the French Court' The Burlington Magazine 96 No. 616 (July 1954, pp. 202–206) p. 206.
- ^ Lignereux had previously been the partner of Dominique Daguerre, who had settled in London.
- ^ David Harris Cohen, "The History of the Maréchal de Villars Group" Metropolitan Museum Journal 14 (1979, pp. 185–189), p. 185.
- ^ Now in Vienna.
- ^ Now at the Louvre.
- ^ Niclausse 1947:47.
- ^ Traced in detail in Cohen 1979.
- ^ Until 1819, thenceforth simply Thomire et Cie.
- ^ The future Charles X of France.
- ^ According to a document of 25 February 1818, noted by Cohen 1979:188.
- ^ See James David Draper, "The Fortunes of Two Napoleonic Sculptural Projects" Metropolitan Museum Journal 14 (1979), pp. 173–184.
- ^ Now in the Wrightsman collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ Preston Remington, "The Story of a Malachite Vase"The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin New Series, 3.6 (February 1945), pp. 142–145.
Further reading
edit- Hélène Cavalié, "Thomire", Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, volume 109, 2020 (éléments nouveaux sur la famille notamment).
- Juliette Niclausse, Thomire, fondeur-ciseleur (1751–1843) (Paris) 1947.
- Christophe Huchet de Quénetain, Les Styles Consulat et Empire, Collection des styles, Paris, Les Éditions de l’Amateur, 2006, ISBN 2859174133OCLC 63693193.
- Christophe Huchet de Quénetain, « De quelques bronzes dorés français conservés à la Maison-Blanche à Washington D.C. », dans La Revue, Pierre Bergé & associés, No. 6, mars 2005, p. 54-57OCLC 62701407.
- Milena Hübner, Surtout de table by Pierre-Philippe Thomire at the Wilanów Palace, Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej, 68 (3), 2020, 357–390. https://doi.org/10.23858/KHKM68.2020.3.005
External links
edit- Grand Ormolu / Surtout de table by Pierre-Philippe Thomire at the Wilanów Palace Museum
- Pierre-Philippe Thomire in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
- Mobilier national : Thomire
