Pierre François Bauduin (25 January 1768 – 18 June 1815)[1] was a French general during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Bauduin, who served in the Russian and Italian campaigns during the Napoleonic Wars, commanded a brigade in Jérôme Bonaparte's division at the Battle of Waterloo, where he would die at Hougoumont.[2][3]
Pierre François Bauduin | |
|---|---|
.svg) Bauduin's family crest | |
| Born | 25 January 1768 Liancourt, Somme, France |
| Died | 18 June 1815 Château d'Hougoumont, Waterloo, Belgium |
| Cause of death | Musket fire |
| Allegiance |  First French Republic First French Empire |
| Service | French Revolutionary Army French Imperial Army French Imperial Navy |
| Years of service | 1792-1815 |
| Rank | Brigadier general |
| Wars | |
| Awards | Legion of Honour Order of Saint Louis |
Bauduin served in the French Revolutionary and Imperial armies for most of his career in the military, although he served in the French Imperial Navy from 1805 to 1807. During his time in the army, he became a Baron of the Empire in 1810 and received the Order of Saint Louis in 1814.
Military career
editBauduin joined the French Army on September 11 of 1792 as a sous-lieutenant.[4][5] Throughout his career, he was promoted through the ranks of lieutenant, capitaine, chef de bataillon, colonel, and finally Brigadier General, in the years 1795, 1796, 1800, 1809, and 1813, respectively. In 1810, he was made a Baron of the Empire.[1][5] He was made a member of the Legion of Honour in 1804, promoted to officer in 1809, and eventually became commander in 1812.[4] From 1805-1807, he temporarily served in the French Navy under Pierre-Charles Villeneuve.[6][5]
On August 11, 1813, he assumed command of Pyrenees-Orientales, a department in Occitania.[6] He fought in numerous land engagements during his career, such as the Siege of Toulon, the Battle of Montebello, the Battle of Marengo, the Battle of Aspern-Essling, and the Battle of Borodino.[5] Other battles he was involved in include the Siege of Pressburg, the Battle of Bautzen and the Battle of Lützen.[6][7] He was injured by bullet wounds several times before, in his left thigh at Marengo, and in his right arm at Borodino.[5][6] He also served in several divisions and armies, including the Grande Armée (including the 59th Line Infantry Regiment, 118th, 32nd, and 16th Line Demi-Brigades, 21st Infantry Division of the VI Corps, and 7th Provisional Division of the Young Guard Infantry) and the Army of Germany.[4]
Death
edit
After Napoleon's abdication in 1814 Bauduin received the Order of Saint Louis from the Bourbons and was retained in the army. During the Hundred Days Bauduin returned to Napoleon. He commanded the 1st Brigade in Jérôme Bonaparte's division (6th) of the II Corps during the Waterloo Campaign, fighting at Quatre Bras.[5]
He eventually was killed in the Battle of Waterloo during combat at Hougoumont.[5] He was one of the first casualties, struck by musket fire from the windows of a gardener's house after he and his allies passed through an oak wooden gate.[2] He was on a horse.[8] This event took place sometime around 11:30 A.M, when an artillery battle was ensuing, and Jérôme and Bauduin were leading their soldiers through a forest.[9] In 1978, a plaque was erected on the wall in front of which he was shot.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "French Infantry Regiments Part X". The Napoleon Series. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ a b Cornwell, Bernard (2015). Waterloo: The History of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles. Great Britain: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 161-162. ISBN 978-0-06-231206-8.
- ^ "Waterloo Tour: In and around Hougoumont". www.napoleon-series.org. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Pierre-François Bauduin (1768-1815)". napoleon-monuments.eu (in French). Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Pierre François Bauduin (1768-1815)". www.frenchempire.net. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d Mullié, Charles (1851). Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-1246514599.
- ^ Merle, Claude. "BAUDUIN". Histoire de Guerre (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ "The Battle of Waterloo, as it happened on June 18, 1815". The Telegraph. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Buttery, David. "The Struggle for Hougoumont - Waterloo Battlefield Guide". erenow.org. Retrieved 12 October 2024.