Plasma kallikrein

Plasma kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.34) is an enzyme that catalyses the following chemical reaction:

Plasma kallikrein
Identifiers
EC no.	3.4.21.34
CAS no.	410538-33-9
Alt. names	serum kallikrein, kininogenin, kallikrein I, kallikrein II, kininogenase, kallikrein, callicrein, glumorin, padreatin, padutin, kallidinogenase, bradykininogenase, panceatic kallikrein, onokrein P, dilminal D, depot-Padutin, urokallikrein, urinary kallikrein
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

KLKB1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4OGY, 2ANW, 4OGX, 4ZJ4, 2ANY, 4ZJ5, 4ZJ6
Identifiers
Aliases	KLKB1, KLK3, PPK, PKKD, PKK, kallikrein B1
External IDs	OMIM: 229000; MGI: 102849; HomoloGene: 68097; GeneCards: KLKB1; OMA:KLKB1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human) Band 4q35.2 Start 186,208,979 bp End 186,258,471 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse) Band 8 B1.1|8 25.17 cM Start 45,719,726 bp End 45,747,896 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver gonad tendon of biceps brachii body of pancreas testicle pancreatic epithelial cell jejunal mucosa dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve middle temporal gyrus Epithelium of choroid plexus Top expressed in left lobe of liver right lobe of liver spermatid sexually immature organism neural layer of retina epithelium of lens right kidney respiratory epithelium nose nasal epithelium More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function serine-type peptidase activity serine-type endopeptidase activity peptidase activity protein binding hydrolase activity Cellular component extracellular exosome plasma membrane extracellular region extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of fibrinolysis zymogen activation Factor XII activation proteolysis fibrinolysis plasminogen activation extracellular matrix disassembly inflammatory response hemostasis blood coagulation blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3818 16621 Ensembl ENSG00000164344 ENSMUSG00000109764 UniProt P03952 P26262 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000892 NM_001318394 NM_001318396 NM_008455 RefSeq (protein) NP_000883 NP_001305323 NP_001305325 NP_032481 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 186.21 – 186.26 Mb Chr 8: 45.72 – 45.75 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Selective cleavage of some Arg- and Lys- bonds, including Lys-Arg and Arg-Ser in (human) kininogen to release bradykinin

Plasma kallikrein and its precursor are encoded by the KLKB1 gene.

This enzyme is formed from prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) by factor XIIa.

Function

Plasma prekallikrein is a glycoprotein that participates in the surface-dependent activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation and inflammation. It is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood as a single polypeptide chain. Plasma prekallikrein is converted to plasma kallikrein by factor XIIa by the cleavage of an internal Arg-Ile bond. Plasma kallikrein therefore is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain held together by a disulfide bond. The heavy chain originates from the amino-terminal end of the zymogen and contains 4 tandem repeats of 90 or 91 amino acids. Each repeat harbors a novel structure called the apple domain. The heavy chain is required for the surface-dependent pro-coagulant activity of plasma kallikrein. The light chain contains the active site or catalytic domain of the enzyme and is homologous to the trypsin family of serine proteases. Plasma prekallikrein deficiency causes a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time in patients.

Interactions

Kallikrein and prekallikrein have been shown to interact with High-molecular-weight kininogen.

See also

• PA clan of proteases

Further reading

• Thompson RE, Mandle R, Kaplan AP (1980). "Studies of binding of prekallikrein and Factor XI to high molecular weight kininogen and its light chain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 (10): 4862–6. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.4862T. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.10.4862. PMC 413037. PMID 291905.
• Aznar JA, España F, Aznar J, Tascon A, Jimenez C (1978). "Fletcher factor deficiency: report of a new family". Scandinavian Journal of Haematology. 21 (2): 94–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02498.x. PMID 694428.
• Henderson LM, Figueroa CD, Muller-Esterl W, Stain A, Bhoola KD (1992). "Immunovisualisation of Plasma Prekallikrein and H-Kininogen on Human Neutrophils and in Human Hepatocytes". In Fritz H, Müller-Esterl W, Jochum M, Roscher A, Luppertz K (eds.). Recent Progress on Kinins. Agents and Actions Supplements. Vol. 38. Birkhäuser. pp. 590–4. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7321-5_72 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISBN 978-3-0348-7323-9. PMID 1466300.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
• Beaubien G, Rosinski-Chupin I, Mattei MG, Mbikay M, Chrétien M, Seidah NG (1991). "Gene structure and chromosomal localization of plasma kallikrein". Biochemistry. 30 (6): 1628–35. doi:10.1021/bi00220a027. PMID 1993180.
• McMullen BA, Fujikawa K, Davie EW (1991). "Location of the disulfide bonds in human plasma prekallikrein: the presence of four novel apple domains in the amino-terminal portion of the molecule". Biochemistry. 30 (8): 2050–6. doi:10.1021/bi00222a007. PMID 1998666.
• España F, Berrettini M, Griffin JH (1989). "Purification and characterization of plasma protein C inhibitor". Thromb. Res. 55 (3): 369–84. doi:10.1016/0049-3848(89)90069-8. PMID 2551064.
• Fujikawa K, Chung DW, Hendrickson LE, Davie EW (1986). "Amino acid sequence of human factor XI, a blood coagulation factor with four tandem repeats that are highly homologous with plasma prekallikrein". Biochemistry. 25 (9): 2417–24. doi:10.1021/bi00357a018. PMID 3636155.
• Herwald H, Jahnen-Dechent W, Alla SA, Hock J, Bouma BN, Müller-Esterl W (1993). "Mapping of the high molecular weight kininogen binding site of prekallikrein. Evidence for a discontinuous epitope formed by distinct segments of the prekallikrein heavy chain". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (19): 14527–35. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85270-5. PMID 7686159.
• Page JD, You JL, Harris RB, Colman RW (1994). "Localization of the binding site on plasma kallikrein for high-molecular-weight kininogen to both apple 1 and apple 4 domains of the heavy chain". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 314 (1): 159–64. doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1424. PMID 7944388.
• Henderson LM, Figueroa CD, Müller-Esterl W, Bhoola KD (1994). "Assembly of contact-phase factors on the surface of the human neutrophil membrane". Blood. 84 (2): 474–82. doi:10.1182/blood.V84.2.474.474. PMID 8025275.
• Shimomura T, Kondo J, Ochiai M, Naka D, Miyazawa K, Morimoto Y, Kitamura N (1993). "Activation of the zymogen of hepatocyte growth factor activator by thrombin". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (30): 22927–32. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41615-8. PMID 8226803.
• Ciechanowicz A, Bader M, Wagner J, Ganten D (1994). "Extra-hepatic transcription of plasma prekallikrein gene in human and rat tissues". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (3): 1370–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2628. PMID 8280154.
• Petersen LC, Sprecher CA, Foster DC, Blumberg H, Hamamoto T, Kisiel W (1996). "Inhibitory properties of a novel human Kunitz-type protease inhibitor homologous to tissue factor pathway inhibitor". Biochemistry. 35 (1): 266–72. doi:10.1021/bi951501d. PMID 8555184.
• Hermann A, Buchinger P, Somlev B, Rehbock J (1996). "High and low molecular weight kininogen and plasma prekallikrein/plasma kallikrein in villous capillaries of human term placenta". Placenta. 17 (4): 223–30. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(96)90042-9. PMID 8761966.
• Durham SK, Suwanichkul A, Hayes JD, Herington AC, Powell DR, Campbell PG (1999). "The heparin binding domain of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 increases susceptibility of IGFBP-3 to proteolysis". Horm. Metab. Res. 31 (2–3): 216–25. doi:10.1055/s-2007-978722. PMID 10226805. S2CID 260169268.
• Renné T, Dedio J, Meijers JC, Chung D, Müller-Esterl W (1999). "Mapping of the discontinuous H-kininogen binding site of plasma prekallikrein. Evidence for a critical role of apple domain-2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (36): 25777–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25777. PMID 10464316.
• Hermann A, Arnhold M, Kresse H, Neth P, Fink E (1999). "Expression of plasma prekallikrein mRNA in human nonhepatic tissues and cell lineages suggests special local functions of the enzyme". Biol. Chem. 380 (9): 1097–102. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.657.2854. doi:10.1515/BC.1999.136. PMID 10543447. S2CID 15535124.
• Cerf M, Raidoo D, Fink E, Fritz H, Bhoola K (2000). "Plasma kallikrein localisation in human blood vessels". Immunopharmacology. 44 (1–2): 75–80. doi:10.1016/S0162-3109(99)00112-5. PMID 10604527.

External links

• Plasma+kallikrein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)