Plesiopharos

Plesiopharos; Temporal range: Early Jurassic, 197–193 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Fossils
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	†Sauropterygia
Order:	†Plesiosauria
Superfamily:	†Plesiosauroidea (?)
Genus:	†Plesiopharos; Puértolas-Pascual et al., 2021
Species:	†P. moelensis
Binomial name
	†Plesiopharos moelensis; Puértolas-Pascual et al., 2021

Plesiopharos (derived from the Greek words πλησίος (plesios), "close" and φάρος (pharos), "lighthouse", because its holotype was found in the vicinity of a lighthouse + [from São Pedro de] Moel) is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Early Jurassic Coimbra Formation of Portugal. Specifically, it was discovered in São Pedro de Moel, Marinha Grande, from which the type species' binomial name, Plesiopharos moelensis, derives from.

At the time of its publication (2021), this plesiosaur was the most complete and oldest known from the Iberian Peninsula.^[1]

Discovery

Known elements

The fossils were found by two collectors, António Silva (1999) and Vítor Teixeira (2012) who donated them to the Lourinhã Museum in 2017, and were completely prepared in the Dino Parque laboratory.^[1]

Description

The Plesiopharos holotype (ML 2302) consists of parts of the fin of the arm (humerus and radius), of the right leg (femur), pelvic girdle (pubis, ilium and ischium) of the thorax (vertebrae, ribs and gastralia) and of the neck (cervical vertebra).^[1] It would be an adult animal with an estimated size between 2.5 and 2.8 m.^{[citation needed]}

Classification

Plesiopharos moelensis is classified as a basal member of Plesiosauroidea.^[1]

Paleoenvironment

Life restoration

Plesiopharos moelensis was discovered at Praia da Concha, São Pedro de Moel, Marinha Grande, in layers that belong to the Coimbra Formation, which date to the Sinemurian.^[2]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Puértolas-Pascual, Eduardo; Marx, Miguel; Mateus, Octávio; Saleiro, André; Fernandes, Alexandra E.; Marinheiro, João; Tomás, Carla & Mateus, Simão (2021). "A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66 (in press). doi:10.4202/app.00815.2020. hdl:10362/123694.
^ Duarte, L.V., Silva, R., Duarte, C.B., Azerêdo, A.C., and Comas Rengifo, M.J. 2008. Litostratigrafia do Jurássico Inferior da região de S. Pedro de Moel (Bacia Lusitânica, Portugal). In: P.M. Callapez (ed.), A Terra, Conflitos e Ordem. Homenagem ao Professor Ferreira Soares, 175– 185. Museu e Laboratório de Mineralogia e Geologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra.
^ Duarte, L.V., Comas-Rengifo, M.J., Silva, R.L., Paredes, R., and Goy, A. 2014. Carbon isotope stratigraphy and ammonite biochronostratigraphy across the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary in the western Iberian margin. Bulletin of Geosciences 89: 719–736.

[PuerMarxMateSale21-1] Puértolas-Pascual, Eduardo; Marx, Miguel; Mateus, Octávio; Saleiro, André; Fernandes, Alexandra E.; Marinheiro, João; Tomás, Carla & Mateus, Simão (2021). "A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66 (in press). doi:10.4202/app.00815.2020. hdl:10362/123694.

[2] Duarte, L.V., Silva, R., Duarte, C.B., Azerêdo, A.C., and Comas Rengifo, M.J. 2008. Litostratigrafia do Jurássico Inferior da região de S. Pedro de Moel (Bacia Lusitânica, Portugal). In: P.M. Callapez (ed.), A Terra, Conflitos e Ordem. Homenagem ao Professor Ferreira Soares, 175– 185. Museu e Laboratório de Mineralogia e Geologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra.

[3] Duarte, L.V., Comas-Rengifo, M.J., Silva, R.L., Paredes, R., and Goy, A. 2014. Carbon isotope stratigraphy and ammonite biochronostratigraphy across the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary in the western Iberian margin. Bulletin of Geosciences 89: 719–736.

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