Podicipedini is a tribe of waterbirds belonging to the family Podicipedidae containing the genera Aechmophorus and Podiceps. Members of this tribe of grebes are characterized based on the presence of nuptial plumes and downy young with a bare crown patch. They are more specialized for diving though the anatomy that enables them to do so makes them weaker to stand upright. Further they have much complex mating dance rituals. Based on these characteristics, other possible genera in the clade include Poliocephalus and Rollandia.[1] Indeed a molecular phylogeny by Ogawa et al. (2015) using genetic data from 3 mitochondrial markers found Podiceps to be paraphyletic in respect to Rollandia, as the latter genus is more closely related to several New World species of the former genus.[2] The inclusion of the Neogene genera of Pliolymbus and Thiornis is based on their possible reclassification as junior synonyms as Podiceps.[3][4]
| Podicipedins Temporal range: Early Miocene-Holocene,
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| Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) adult with juvenile | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Mirandornithes |
| Order: | Podicipediformes |
| Family: | Podicipedidae |
| Tribe: | Podicipedini Storer, 1963 |
| Genera | |
However there is uncertainty as different positions has been found for some members. One morphological study from Fjeldså (2004) found Rollandia to be the basalmost extant genus of grebe, with Thiornis being classified as a stem-grebe.[5] Another morphological study from Ksepka et al. (2013) found Podilymbus to be the sister genus to Rollandia, both more closer to Aechmophorus and Podiceps, while Poliocephalus and Thiornis to be closer to Tachybaptus.[6]
References
edit- ^ Storer, R. W. (1963). "Courtship and mating behavior and the phylogeny of the grebes". Proceedings XIII International Ornithological Congress Ithaca. 1: 562–569.
- ^ Ogawa, L. M.; Pulgarin, P. C.; Vance, D. A.; Fjeldså, J.; van Tuinen, M. (2015). "Opposing demographic histories reveal rapid evolution in grebes (Aves: Podicipedidae)". The Auk: Ornithological Advances. 134 (4): 771–786. doi:10.1642/AUK-14-259.1. S2CID 21531924.
- ^ Olson, S. L. (1985). "The fossil record of birds.". Avian Biology. Vol. 8. pp. 79–252. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-249408-6.50011-X. hdl:10088/6553. ISBN 9780122494086. S2CID 80913117.
- ^ Olson, S. L. (1995). "Thiornis sociata Navas, a nearly complete Miocene grebe (Aves: Podicipedidae)". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 181: 131–140.
- ^ Fjeldså, J. (2004). The Grebes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198500643.
- ^ Ksepka, D. T.; Balanoff, A. M.; Bell, M. A.; Houseman, M. D. (2013). "Fossil grebes from the Truckee Formation (Miocene) of Nevada and a new phylogenetic analysis of Podicipediformes (Aves)". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 56 (5): 1149–1169. doi:10.1111/pala.12040. S2CID 83938510.