Pogonoperca punctata, the spotted soapfish, bearded soapfish or leaflip grouper is a species of marine ray-finned fish, related to the groupers and classified within the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. It is found in the western Indo-Pacific region.
| Pogonoperca punctata | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Serranidae |
| Subfamily: | Epinephelinae |
| Tribe: | Grammistini |
| Genus: | Pogonoperca |
| Species: | P. punctata
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| Binomial name | |
| Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes, 1830)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Description
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Pogonoperca punctata has 7 spines in its dorsal fin and 12-13 soft rays with 3 spines and 8 soft rays in the anal fin.[2] The brown body is covered in small white spots, and there is a black vertical bar which runs through the eye and four black saddle-like blotches along the back.[3] There is flap of skin on the lower jaw.[4] The juveniles have large white spots, which remain part of the patterns as adults but become increasingly obscured by smaller small white spots appearing in the grey coloured regions of the body as the fish matures. The fins are transparent. This species attains a maximum recorded total length of 35 centimetres (14 in).[2]
Distribution
editPogonoperca punctata is found in the western Indo-Pacific from eastern Indonesia east to the Line Islands, Marquesas and the Society Islands, north as far as southern Japan and south to New Caledonia[1] and islands off northern Australia, these being Evans Shoal in the Northern Territory and the eastern Indian Ocean Australian territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.[3]
Habitat and biology
editPogonoperca punctata is found at depths of 10 to 216 metres (33 to 709 ft).[1] It prefers large coral heads on slopes where there is a moderate current, adults are usually deeper than 20 metres (66 ft) while juveniles occur in shallower more sheltered waters such as lagoons and bays.[2] They are nocturnal hunters feeding on benthic crustaceans and smaller fishes. The juveniles are mimics of venomous blennies.[5] They secrete the toxin grammistin in their skin and, like other soapfish. may do so when stressed.[6]
Taxonomy
editPogonoperca punctata was first formally described as Grammistes punctatus in 1830 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) with the type locality given as Vanikoro Island in the Santa Cruz Islands of the Solomon Islands.[7]
Utlisation
editPogonoperca punctata appears in the aquarium trade.[8] It occasionally appears in fish markets.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Williams, J.T.; Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A.; Myers, R. (2016). "Pogonoperca punctata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T69589017A69592492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T69589017A69592492.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pogonoperca punctata". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ a b Bray, D.J. (2018). "Pogonoperca punctata". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Spotted soapfish / Bearded soapfish". Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Spotted Soapfish (Pogonoperca punctata)". WHATSTHATFISH. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ Yoshiro Hashimoto; Yasukatsu Oshima (1972). "Separation of grammistins A, B and C from a soapfish Pogonoperca punctata". Toxicon. 10 (3): 279–284. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(72)90013-X.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Grammistes punctatus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Leaflip Grouper EXPERT ONLY (Pogonoperca punctata)". liveaquaria. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
Further reading
edit- Baissac, J. de B. (1990) SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius., RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean.
- Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1830. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixieme. Livre sixieme. Partie I. Des Sparoides; Partie II. Des Ménides. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixieme. v. 6: i-xxiv + 6 pp. + 1–559, Pls. 141–169.
- Dennis King & Valda Fraser - The Reef Guide: Fishes, corals, nudibranchs & other invertebrates: East & South Coasts of Southern Africa. Struik Nature. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77584-018-3
- Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species., Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p.
- Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p
External links
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- Photos of Pogonoperca punctata on Sealife Collection