Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency
Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency covers the entire Union Territory of Puducherry. Pondicherry became a union territory after the implementation of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1962[1] and changed its name to Puducherry in 2006.[2] This constituency first held elections in 1967 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Thirumudi N. Sethuraman of the Indian National Congress.
Puducherry PY-1 | |
---|---|
Lok Sabha constituency | |
![]() Interactive Map Outlining Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency | |
Constituency details | |
Country | India |
Region | South India |
Union Territory | Puducherry |
Assembly constituencies | 30: Mannadipet, Thirubuvanai, Ossudu, Mangalam, Villianur, Ozhukarai, Kadirkamam, Indira Nagar, Thattanchavady, Kamaraj Nagar, Lawspet, Kalapett, Muthialpet, Raj Bhavan, Oupalam, Orleampeth, Nellithope, Mudaliarpet, Ariankuppam, Manavely, Embalam, Nettapakkam, Bahour, Nedungadu, Thirunallar, Karaikal North, Karaikal South, Neravy T R Pattinam, Mahe and Yanam |
Established | 1967 |
Total electors | 10,23,699 (2024) |
Reservation | None |
Member of Parliament | |
18th Lok Sabha | |
Incumbent | |
Party | Indian National Congress |
Elected year | 2024 |
History of the constituency
editSethuraman represented the Indian National Congress (Organisation) in the 1971 election, which he lost to Mohan Kumaramangalam of the INC. The next election in 1977 was won by Aravinda Bala Pajanor of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). P. Shanmugam of the INC won the 1980 election and was re-elected in 1984 and 1989. M. O. H. Farook also of the INC served two terms from 1991 to 1998. In the 1998 election, S. Arumugham of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) was elected as MP. Farook was re-elected in 1999 to serve a third term as MP. The next election in 2004 was won by M. Ramadass of the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK). V. Narayanasamy of the INC was elected in 2009 and was defeated in the next election in 2014 by R. Radhakrishnan of the All India N.R. Congress. Radhakrishnan's victory was the first time that the Lok Sabha seat was won by a member of a Puducherry regional party.[3] In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections Indian National Congress candidate V. Vaithilingam defeated All India N.R. Congress candidate Dr. Narayanasamy Kesavan by a record margin of 1,97,025 votes, this margin is the highest in the electoral history of Puducherry Parliamentary Constituency. Indian National Congress is the most successful party in this constituency by winning 10 out of 14 elections, in the other 4 elections, 2 times in 1977 and 2004 Indian National Congress party's alliance partners All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) won respectively.
Prior to independence, the colony sent a member to the French National Assembly.
Assembly segments
editThe constituency presently comprises all the thirty segments of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly.[4]
Members of Parliament
editElection results
editGeneral Elections 2024
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | V. Vaithilingam | 426,005 | 52.73 | 3.54 | |
BJP | A. Namassivayam | 2,89,489 | 35.83 | N/A | |
NTK | R. Meneka | 39,603 | 4.90 | 2.01 | |
AIADMK | G. Thamizhvendhan | 25,165 | 3.11 | N/A | |
NOTA | None of the above | 9,763 | 1.21 | 0.33 | |
Margin of victory | 1,36,516 | 16.90 | 8.01 | ||
Turnout | 8,07,940 | 78.92 | 2.33 | ||
Registered electors | 10,23,699 | ||||
INC hold | Swing |
General election 2019
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | V. Vaithilingam | 444,981 | 56.27 | 29.92 | |
AINRC | K. Narayanasamy | 2,47,956 | 31.36 | 3.21 | |
MNM | Mohammad Subramanian | 38,068 | 4.81 | 4.81 | |
NTK | N. Sharmila Beham | 22,857 | 2.89 | N/A | |
Independent | N. Tamizh Marane | 4,791 | 0.61 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Krishnamurthy | 3,579 | 0.45 | N/A | |
BSP | A. G .Pathimaraj | 2,689 | 0.34 | +0.06 | |
Independent | Ims. Balaji Naikar | 2,546 | 0.32 | N/A | |
AIMK | K. Arunachalam | 2,201 | 0.28 | N/A | |
Independent | D. Ramesh | 1,653 | 0.21 | N/A | |
PDDP | S. Baskaran | 1,319 | 0.17 | N/A | |
SUCI(C) | U. Muthu | 1,285 | 0.16 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Thangavelu | 1,002 | 0.13 | N/A | |
Independent | Krishna Rajan Don | 1,000 | 0.12 | N/A | |
CPI(ML)L | S. Mothilal | 905 | 0.11 | +0.05 | |
Independent | Tiravitamankai | 870 | 0.11 | N/A | |
ACDP | S. Thirugnanam | 674 | 0.09 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Ramamurthi | 642 | 0.08 | N/A | |
Independent | K. Ramadass | 543 | 0.07 | N/A | |
NOTA | None of the above | 12,199 | 1.54 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 1,97,025 | 24.91 | |||
Turnout | 7,90,895 | 81.25 | |||
INC gain from AINRC | Swing | +29.92 |
General election 2014
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AINRC | R. Radhakrishnan | 255,826 | 34.57 | N/A | |
INC | V. Narayanasamy | 1,94,972 | 26.35 | −23.06 | |
AIADMK | M. V. Omalingam | 1,32,657 | 17.93 | N/A | |
DMK | A. M. H. Nazeem | 60,580 | 8.19 | N/A | |
PMK | R. K. R. Anantharaman | 22,754 | 3.07 | −31.25 | |
CPI | R. Viswanathan | 12,709 | 1.72 | N/A | |
AAP | V. Rangarajan | 8,307 | 1.12 | N/A | |
Independent | Sanjivganthi S. | 5,896 | 0.80 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Asaravel | 3,472 | 0.47 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Ramadass | 2,494 | 0.34 | N/A | |
BSP | S. Krishnamoorthy | 2,060 | 0.28 | −0.33 | |
Independent | S. Ezhilarasan | 1,777 | 0.24 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Shanmugam | 1,726 | 0.23 | N/A | |
Independent | Ramamurthi | 1,442 | 0.19 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Chittibabu | 1,340 | 0.18 | −0.66 | |
Independent | S. Sudarsanan | 1,270 | 0.17 | N/A | |
Independent | K. Ramadass | 1,236 | 0.17 | N/A | |
Independent | J. Dhandapani | 1,144 | 0.15 | N/A | |
Independent | K. Manjini | 767 | 0.10 | N/A | |
Independent | Kaliayamurthy | 747 | 0.10 | −0.24 | |
Independent | V. Vijaya | 746 | 0.10 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Bakkiaraj | 610 | 0.08 | N/A | |
Independent | R. Valavan | 497 | 0.07 | N/A | |
Independent | I. Senthil Kumar | 477 | 0.06 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Sutha | 467 | 0.06 | N/A | |
Independent | Puvala Nageswara Rao | 465 | 0.06 | N/A | |
CPI(ML)L | G. Palani | 438 | 0.06 | −0.08 | |
Samata Party | Marie Uthrianathan | 366 | 0.05 | N/A | |
JD(U) | S. Chitrakala | 309 | 0.04 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Dhanarasu | 198 | 0.03 | N/A | |
NOTA | None of the above | 22,268 | 3.06 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 60,854 | 8.22 | −6.87 | ||
Turnout | 740,017 | 82.10 | +2.36 | ||
AINRC gain from INC | Swing |
General election 2009
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | V. Narayanasamy | 300,391 | 49.41 | N/A | |
PMK | M. Ramadass | 208,619 | 34.32 | −15.63 | |
DMDK | K. A. U. Asanaa | 52,638 | 8.66 | N/A | |
BJP | M. Visweswaran | 13,442 | 2.21 | −33.44 | |
Independent | M. Chittibabu | 5,103 | 0.84 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Lingamurthy | 4,179 | 0.69 | N/A | |
BSP | M. Somasundaram | 3,697 | 0.61 | +0.06 | |
Independent | Sivaraman V. | 2,439 | 0.40 | N/A | |
Independent | Kaliamurthy K. | 2,074 | 0.34 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Rajendran | 1,810 | 0.30 | N/A | |
Independent | Manimaran | 1,532 | 0.25 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Saravanan | 1,425 | 0.23 | N/A | |
Independent | Veeramuthu A. | 1,239 | 0.20 | N/A | |
CPI(ML)L | S. Balasubramaniam | 839 | 0.14 | −0.14 | |
Independent | G. Subramaniyan | 757 | 0.12 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Ramamurthy | 662 | 0.11 | −0.21 | |
Independent | A. Rajasekar | 656 | 0.11 | N/A | |
Pyramid Party of India | Pradeep Aniruddh | 627 | 0.10 | N/A | |
Independent | Arunachalam K. | 597 | 0.10 | N/A | |
Kamraj Desiya Congress | S. Govindaswamy | 570 | 0.09 | N/A | |
JMM | S. Gnanavel | 456 | 0.08 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Vijayabaskar | 449 | 0.07 | N/A | |
Independent | R. Narayanan | 422 | 0.07 | N/A | |
Independent | Murugaiyan K. S. | 378 | 0.06 | N/A | |
Independent | Muppadai Mathimaharaja | 378 | 0.06 | N/A | |
Independent | I. M. Sekar | 375 | 0.06 | N/A | |
Independent | Mohamed Yousuf S. A. | 298 | 0.05 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 91,772 | 15.09 | +0.79 | ||
Turnout | 607,948 | 79.74 | +3.67 | ||
INC gain from PMK | Swing |
General election 2004
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMK | M. Ramadass | 241,653 | 49.95 | +18.22 | |
BJP | Lalitha Kumaramangalam | 172,472 | 35.65 | N/A | |
JD(U) | K. Nambiyar | 27,546 | 5.69 | N/A | |
Independent | P. R. N. Thirumurugan | 10,930 | 2.26 | N/A | |
Independent | Z. M. Taher | 5,175 | 1.07 | N/A | |
Independent | Thanga Devadas | 4,085 | 0.84 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Syad Faruk | 3,172 | 0.66 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Rangadas | 2,891 | 0.60 | N/A | |
BSP | Thanga Kalaimaran | 2,665 | 0.55 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Anburaj | 1,684 | 0.35 | N/A | |
JP | S. Ponnurangam | 1,601 | 0.33 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Ramamurthy | 1,571 | 0.32 | N/A | |
CPI(ML)L | S. Balasubramanian | 1,359 | 0.28 | N/A | |
RJD | G. Sundaramoorthy | 1,328 | 0.27 | N/A | |
Independent | N. Sabith | 1,158 | 0.24 | N/A | |
Independent | N. Senthilmurugan | 977 | 0.20 | N/A | |
Independent | E. Kuppan | 906 | 0.19 | N/A | |
Independent | J. Ramadass | 894 | 0.18 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Elangovan | 673 | 0.14 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Krishnaraj | 556 | 0.11 | N/A | |
Independent | R. Natarajan | 520 | 0.11 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 69,181 | 14.30 | +8.86 | ||
Turnout | 483,816 | 76.07 | +12.80 | ||
PMK gain from INC | Swing | +18.22 |
General election 1999
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | M. O. H. Farook | 165,108 | 37.17 | +5.05 | |
PMK | M. Ramadass | 140,920 | 31.73 | N/A | |
TMC(M) | P. Kannan | 111,737 | 25.16 | N/A | |
Independent | Kalivardhan | 9,452 | 2.13 | N/A | |
Independent | A. Ramalingam | 5,562 | 1.25 | N/A | |
Independent | T. Ashok Kumar | 5,179 | 1.17 | N/A | |
Independent | K. Padmarajan | 2,700 | 0.61 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Paramasivam | 2,155 | 0.49 | N/A | |
Independent | Surendra Kumar Gupta | 1,349 | 0.30 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 24,188 | 5.44 | −3.55 | ||
Turnout | 444,174 | 63.27 | +0.41 | ||
INC gain from DMK | Swing |
General election 1998
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DMK | S. Arumugham | 168,122 | 41.11 | +1.20 | |
INC | P. Shanmugam | 131,348 | 32.12 | −7.85 | |
AIADMK | Lucky R. Perumal | 102,622 | 25.10 | N/A | |
BSP | S. K. C. Guedjendirane | 2,589 | 0.63 | −0.24 | |
RJD | T. Sanjeevi | 1,397 | 0.34 | N/A | |
IC(S) | D. Deenadhayalan | 1,222 | 0.30 | −0.53 | |
Ajeya Bharat Party | Balasami | 736 | 0.18 | N/A | |
Independent | R. Sadhasivam | 709 | 0.17 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Sarangam | 173 | 0.04 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 36,774 | 8.99 | +8.93 | ||
Turnout | 417,786 | 62.86 | −12.49 | ||
DMK gain from INC | Swing |
General election 1996
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | M. O. H. Farook | 183,986 | 39.97 | −13.10 | |
DMK | S. Arumugham | 183,702 | 39.91 | +4.10 | |
BJP | S. Thiyagarajan | 20,351 | 4.42 | +2.45 | |
PMK | Bavany Madura Cavy | 19,792 | 4.30 | +0.89 | |
MDMK | R. Balasubramanian | 13,397 | 2.91 | N/A | |
Independent | K. Manivannan | 8,801 | 1.91 | N/A | |
Independent | M. P. Mathimaharaja | 7,425 | 1.61 | N/A | |
BSP | S. K. C. Guedjendirane | 4,005 | 0.87 | N/A | |
IC(S) | D. Deenadayalan | 3,819 | 0.83 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Thiruvengadam | 1,922 | 0.42 | N/A | |
Independent | C. R. Tirougnana Sambandam | 1,866 | 0.41 | N/A | |
JP | L. Vengataraman | 1,823 | 0.40 | −0.57 | |
Independent | Eswara Rao Geddam | 1,795 | 0.39 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Dayalane | 1,513 | 0.33 | N/A | |
Independent | T. Sivasubramanian | 1,394 | 0.30 | N/A | |
Independent | T. Saravanan | 1,392 | 0.30 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Elumalai | 806 | 0.18 | N/A | |
Independent | V. Nadarajan | 794 | 0.17 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Kamaraj | 791 | 0.17 | N/A | |
Independent | K. Padmarajan | 497 | 0.11 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Vijayakumar | 451 | 0.10 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 284 | 0.06 | −17.20 | ||
Turnout | 477,437 | 75.35 | +7.64 | ||
INC hold | Swing |
General election 1991
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | M. O. H. Farook | 207,922 | 53.07 | +2.60 | |
DMK | P. K. Lognathan | 140,313 | 35.81 | −5.84 | |
PMK | Bavani Maduracavi | 13,375 | 3.41 | −3.22 | |
BJP | J. R. Ramasami | 7,728 | 1.97 | N/A | |
Independent | A. V. Ramakrishnan | 5,223 | 1.33 | N/A | |
JP | K. Chandresekharan | 3,802 | 0.97 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Arumai Selvam | 3,499 | 0.89 | N/A | |
Tharasu Makkal Mandaram | D. Joseph Raj | 3,421 | 0.87 | +0.62 | |
Doordarshi Party | Awadh Kishore Bhaiya | 2,323 | 0.59 | N/A | |
Pondicherry Mannila Makkal Munnani | S. Ramassamy | 2,259 | 0.58 | N/A | |
Independent | P. K. Magappan | 944 | 0.24 | N/A | |
Bharatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh | G. Thiruvengadam | 548 | 0.14 | N/A | |
Independent | Amaan Khan | 426 | 0.11 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 67,609 | 17.26 | +8.44 | ||
Turnout | 401,741 | 67.71 | +1.00 | ||
INC hold | Swing |
General election 1989
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | P. Shanmugam | 190,562 | 50.47 | −8.39 | |
DMK | N. Manimaran | 157,250 | 41.65 | +5.58 | |
PMK | Bavany Maduracayy | 25,021 | 6.63 | N/A | |
Lok Dal (Bahugana) | C. Balamuthuval | 965 | 0.26 | N/A | |
Tharasu Makkal Mandaram | P. D. Panneer Salvan | 943 | 0.25 | N/A | |
Independent | R. Aranganathan | 723 | 0.19 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Kandeeban | 538 | 0.14 | N/A | |
Independent | G. Thiruvengadam | 503 | 0.13 | N/A | |
Independent | M. Manimaran | 440 | 0.12 | N/A | |
Independent | Davulury Nageswara Rao | 345 | 0.09 | N/A | |
Independent | Kanakmull Jain | 298 | 0.08 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 33,312 | 8.82 | −13.97 | ||
Turnout | 383,306 | 66.71 | −5.57 | ||
INC hold | Swing |
General election 1984
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | P. Shanmugam | 159,376 | 58.86 | −7.59 | |
DMK | C. P. Thirunavukkarasu | 97,672 | 36.07 | N/A | |
Independent | S. Ramassamy | 6,190 | 2.29 | N/A | |
Independent | A. L. N. Kumarassamy | 1,925 | 0.71 | N/A | |
IC(S) | S. Sukumaran | 1,794 | 0.66 | N/A | |
Independent | N. Ramu | 1,261 | 0.47 | N/A | |
Independent | P. Rajasegaran | 873 | 0.32 | N/A | |
Independent | N. Gajendra Baskara | 664 | 0.25 | N/A | |
Independent | V. T. R. Veerappa Gounder | 604 | 0.22 | N/A | |
Independent | Angappan alias Rousseau Angappan | 422 | 0.16 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 61,704 | 22.79 | −17.00 | ||
Turnout | 275,654 | 72.28 | −8.08 | ||
INC gain from INC(I) | Swing |
General election 1980
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC(I) | P. Shanmugam | 164,589 | 66.45 | N/A | |
JP | M. R. Lakshminarayanan | 66,025 | 26.66 | N/A | |
JP(S) | P. Devaraj | 17,067 | 6.89 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 98,564 | 39.79 | +30.91 | ||
Turnout | 256,539 | 80.36 | +6.73 | ||
INC(I) gain from AIADMK | Swing |
General election 1977
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIADMK | A. Bala Pajanor | 115,302 | 53.32 | New | |
INC(O) | Ansari Duraisamy | 96,101 | 44.44 | +16.48 | |
Independent | Ramu alias Subramanian N. | 3,921 | 1.81 | N/A | |
Independent | Gadjindra Baskar | 920 | 0.43 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 19,201 | 8.88 | −29.43 | ||
Turnout | 219,560 | 73.63 | +3.53 | ||
AIADMK gain from INC | Swing |
General election 1971
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC(R) | Mohan Kumaramangalam | 112,714 | 66.27 | +26.44 | |
INC(O) | Thirumudi N. Sethuraman | 47,550 | 27.96 | N/A | |
Independent | A. Balasubramanian | 6,745 | 3.97 | N/A | |
Independent | D. Krishnasamy | 3,079 | 1.81 | N/A | |
Margin of victory | 65,164 | 38.31 | +31.75 | ||
Turnout | 172,992 | 70.10 | −4.75 | ||
INC(R) hold | Swing | +26.44 |
General election 1967
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INC | Thirumudi N. Sethuraman | 63,286 | 39.83 | ||
Independent | S. Sadagopan | 52,861 | 33.27 | ||
Peoples Front | K. Subbiah | 42,725 | 26.89 | ||
Margin of victory | 10,425 | 6.56 | |||
Turnout | 162,193 | 74.85 | |||
INC win (new seat) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ "Bill to rename Pondicherry as Puducherry passed". The Hindu. N. Ram. 22 August 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ "AINRC's Radhakrishnan beats Union minister Narayanasamy, wins Puducherry Lok Sabha seat". The Times of India. The Times Group. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India.
- ^ "Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ "Puducherry". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ "Constituency Wise Detailed Results" (PDF). Election Commission of India. pp. 196–197. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 362. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 270. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. pp. 497–498. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 328. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 300. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. pp. 249–250. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. pp. 250–251. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 203. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 190. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.