Ponomaryov, also spelled Ponomariov or Ponomarev (Russian: Пономарёв), or Ponomaryova (feminine; Пономарёва) is a Russian language patronymic surname derived from the nickname Ponomar ("sexton"), and literally meaning "sexton's son". The nickname "Ponomar" has also become a surname. The Ukrainian language counterpart is "Ponomarenko".

Notable people with the surname include:

Ponomarev

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Ponomariov

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Ponomaryov

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Ponomaryova

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