Porrhothele is a genus of mygalomorph spiders endemic to New Zealand. They are the only members of the family Porrhothelidae. They were first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892.[2] Originally placed with the curtain web spiders,[2] it was moved to the Hexathelidae in 1980,[3] they were placed in their own family in 2018.[4]
| Porrhothele | |
|---|---|
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| Porrhothele antipodiana | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Family: | Porrhothelidae Hedin & Bond, 2018 |
| Genus: | Porrhothele Simon, 1892[1] |
| Type species | |
| P. antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1837)
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| Species | |
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5, see text | |
Members of Porrhothelidae are distinguished from other mygalomorph spiders by the small posterior sigillae and a single row of teeth on the forward-facing margin of the chelicerae. Males have many strong spines on the forward-facing margin of their tibiae.[4]
Taxonomy
editThe genus Porrhothele was erected by Eugène Simon in 1892 for the species Porrhothele antipodiana. Simon transferred these from Mygale, a genus previously used for many mygalomorph spiders, but is no longer in use. He placed this genus in the subfamily Diplurinae,[2] which later became the family Dipluridae. Raven transferred the genus to Hexathelidae,[3] where it remained until the results of a 2018 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that it belongs in its own family.[4]
The following cladogram shows the possible relationship of Porrhothele to related taxa.
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Species
editAs of May 2019[update] it contains five species, all found in New Zealand:[1]
- Porrhothele antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1837) (type) – New Zealand
- Porrhothele blanda Forster, 1968 – New Zealand
- Porrhothele moana Forster, 1968 – New Zealand
- Porrhothele modesta Forster, 1968 – New Zealand
- Porrhothele quadrigyna Forster, 1968 – New Zealand
References
edit
- ^ a b "Gen. Porrhothele Simon, 1892". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
- ^ a b c Simon, E (1892). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris: Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
- ^ a b Raven, R. J. (1980). "The evolution and biogeography of the mygalomorph spider family Hexathelidae (Araneae, Chelicerata)". Journal of Arachnology. 8: 251–266.
- ^ a b c Hedin, M.; et al. (2018). "Phylogenomic reclassification of the world's most venomous spiders (Mygalomorphae, Atracinae), with implications for venom evolution". Scientific Reports. 8 (1636): 1636. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.1636H. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19946-2. PMC 5785998. PMID 29374214.