Modern France is the result of centuries of nation building and the acquisition and incorporation of a number of historical provinces into the French domain. The names of these provinces are still used to designate natural, historical and cultural regions, and many of them appear in modern région or département names.
| Major Provinces of France, with provincial capitals. Cities in bold had provincial "parlements" or "conseils souverains" during the ancien régime. Note: The map reflects France's modern borders and does not indicate the territorial formation of France over time. Provinces on this list may encompass several other historic provinces and counties (for example, at the time of the Revolution, Guyenne was made up of eight smaller historic provinces, including Quercy and Rouergue). For a more complete list, see Provinces of France.
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- Île-de-France (Paris)
- Berry (Bourges)
- Orléanais (Orléans)
- Normandy (Rouen)
- Languedoc (Toulouse)
- Lyonnais (Lyon)
- Dauphiné (Grenoble)
- Champagne (Troyes)
- Aunis (La Rochelle)
- Saintonge (Saintes)
- Poitou (Poitiers)
- Guyenne and Gascony (Bordeaux)
- Burgundy (Dijon)
- Picardy (Amiens)
- Anjou (Angers)
- Provence (Aix-en-Provence)
- Angoumois (Angoulême)
- Bourbonnais (Moulins)
- Marche (Guéret)
- Brittany (Rennes, parl. briefly at Nantes)
- Maine (Le Mans)
- Touraine (Tours)
- Limousin (Limoges)
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- Foix (Foix)
- Auvergne (Clermont-Ferrand)
- Béarn (Pau)
- Alsace (Strasbourg, cons. souv. in Colmar)
- Artois (cons provinc. in Arras)
- Roussillon (cons. souv. in Perpignan)
- Flanders and Hainaut (Lille, parliament first in Tournai, then in Douai)
- Franche-Comté (Besançon, formerly at Dôle)
- Lorraine (Nancy)
- Corsica (off map, Ajaccio, cons. souv. in Bastia)
- Nivernais (Nevers)
- Comtat Venaissin (Avignon), a Papal fief
- Imperial Free City of Mulhouse
- Savoy, a Sardinian fief (parl. in Chambery 1537-1559)
- Nice, a Sardinian fief
- Montbéliard, a fief of Württemberg
- (not indicated) Trois-Évêchés (Metz, Toul and Verdun)
- (not indicated) Dombes (Trévoux)
- (not indicated) Navarre (Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port)
- (not indicated) Soule (Mauléon)
- (not indicated) Bigorre (Tarbes)
- (not indicated) Beaujolais (Beaujeu)
- (not indicated) Bresse (Bourg)
- (not indicated) Perche (Mortagne-au-Perche)
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