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January
editRichard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world.
He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb and was a member of the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. In addition to his work in theoretical physics, Feynman has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing,[1] and introducing the concept of nanotechnology.[2] He held the Richard Chace Tolman professorship in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, notably a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom and The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiographical books (Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think?) and books written about him, such as Tuva or Bust!
Feynman also had a deep interest in biology, and was a friend of the geneticist and microbiologist Esther Lederberg, who developed replica plating and discovered bacteriophage lambda.[3] They had several mutual physicist friends who, after beginning their careers in nuclear research, moved for moral reasons into genetics, among them Leó Szilárd, Guido Pontecorvo, and Aaron Novick.
February
editThere are scientific journals that focus on physics research. For example, Annalen der Physik is the oldest physics journal. It appears to cover all topics in the physics discipline by reporting original work in the areas of experimental, theoretical, applied and mathematical physics. Advances in Physics focuses on interdisciplinary, critical reviews with topics ranging over condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, quantum information, cold atoms, soft matter physics, and biophysics. Space Science Reviews only synthesizes current results in space science research, which can impact the various related fields and related insturmentation.
Below is a list of general interest articles pertaining to physics related scientific journals:
- Advances in Physics
- American Journal of Physics
- Annalen der Physik
- Applied Physics (A, B)
- Applied Physics Letters
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Astrophysical Journal (Letters)
- Australian Journal of Physics
- Canadian Journal of Physics
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters
- EPL
- European Journal of Physics
- European Physical Journal (A, B, C, D, E, H, ST, AP, Conferences)
- Faraday Discussions
- Faraday Transactions
- Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
- Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics
- Journal of High Energy Physics
- Journal of Mathematical Physics
- Journal of Optics
- Journal of the Optical Society of America (A, B)
- Journal of Physics (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, CM, CS)
- International Journal of Modern Physics (A, B, C, D, E)
- Iranian Journal of Physics Research
- Iraqi Journal of Physics
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Nature (Materials, Photonics, Physics)
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
- Nuclear Physics (A, B, Proceedings Supplements)
- Nuovo Cimento (A, B, C, D, Supplemento, Lettere, Rivista)
- Optics Letters
- Philosophical Magazine
- Physica (A, B, C, D, E)
- Physica Status Solidi (A, B, C, RRL)
- Physical Review (A, B, C, D, E, Focus, ST AB, ST PER, Letters)
- Physics Reports
- Physics Today
- Planetary and Space Science
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Proceedings of SPIE
- Progress of Theoretical Physics
- Reports on Progress in Physics
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Reviews of Modern Physics
- Science
- Space Science Reviews
- Ukrainian Journal of Physics
- Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
March
edit- Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. Within these domains, it produces very accurate results. And thus, is one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. Besides this, many related specialties deal with gases, liquids, and solids, and so on. In addition, classical mechanics is enhanced by special relativity for high velocity objects that are approaching the speed of light. General relativity is employed to handle gravitation at a deeper level, and finally, quantum mechanics handles the wave-particle duality of atoms and molecules.
- Sir Isaac Newton (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 or 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, and is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history. His Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"; usually called the Principia), published in 1687, is one of the most important scientific books ever written. It lays the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation; thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.
April
editThe theme of this month is "Physics awards"; A through G. Wikipedia has a significant number of articles which discuss a physics award. This month the articles are listed in alphabetical order from A through G.
May
editIn particle physics, antimatter is the extension of the concept of the antiparticle to matter, where antimatter is composed of antiparticles in the same way that normal matter is composed of particles. For example, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron or
e+
) and an antiproton (
p
) can form an antihydrogen atom in the same way that an electron and a proton form a normal matter hydrogen atom. Furthermore, mixing matter and antimatter can lead to the annihilation of both in the same way that mixing antiparticles and particles does, thus giving rise to high-energy photons (gamma rays) or other particle–antiparticle pairs.
There is considerable speculation as to why the observable universe is apparently almost entirely matter, whether there exist other places that are almost entirely antimatter instead, and what might be possible if antimatter could be harnessed. At this time, the apparent asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe is one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics. The process by which this asymmetry between particles and antiparticles developed is called baryogenesis.
June
edit- A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of the hadrons themselves. There are six types of quarks, known as flavors: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom.
- Murray Gell-Mann born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist and polymath who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He is a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California. He formulated the quark model of hadronic resonances, among other significant contributions.
- George Zweig (born on May 30, 1937 in Moscow, Russia) was originally trained as a particle physicist under Richard Feynman. Zweig proposed the existence of quarks while a graduate student in Physics at the California Institute of Technology in 1964 (independently of Murray Gell-Mann). Zweig dubbed them "aces" after the four playing cards, because he speculated there were four of them. Like Gell-Mann, he realized that several important properties of particles such as protons and neutrons could be explained by treating them as triplets of other constituent particles (which he called aces).
July
editThe Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, also designated AMS-02, is a particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station. It is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments will help researchers study the formation of the Universe and search for evidence of dark matter as well as investigate anti-matter. The principal investigator is Nobel laureate particle physicist Samuel Ting. After final testing at ESA's European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) facility in the Netherlands, delivery to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida took place on 26 August 2010. The launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour flight STS-134 carrying AMS-02 took place on 16 May 2011, and the module was installed on 19 May 2011.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a state-of-the-art particle physics detector constructed, tested and operated by an international team composed of 60 institutes from 16 countries and organized under United States Department of Energy (DOE) sponsorship.
August
editBelow are links to Featured content within WikiProject Physics. A small bronze star icon ( ) on the top right corner of an article's page, symbolizes the featured content on Wikipedia.
A featured article exemplifies our very best work and is distinguished by professional standards of writing, presentation, and sourcing. Featured article status means the article is well written, comprehensive, and well researched. Besides meeting the policies regarding content for all Wikipedia articles, it meets style guidelines.
- Archimedes
- Astrophysics Data System
- Atom
- Atomic line filter
- Big Bang
- Binary star
- James E. Boyd (scientist)
- Dwarf planet
- Electron
- Equipartition theorem
- Leonhard Euler
- Extrasolar planet
- Eye (cyclone)
- Ursula Franklin
- Gamma-ray burst
- General relativity
- Gliding
- Hubble Deep Field
- Introduction to general relativity
- Johannes Kepler
- Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector
- Magnetosphere of Jupiter
- Mechanical filter
- Numerical weather prediction
- Gerard K. O'Neill
- J. Robert Oppenheimer
- Blaise Pascal
- Photon
- Planetary nebula
- Plutonium
- Quark
- Redshift
- Louis Slotin
- Speed of light
- Star
- Sun
- Supernova
- Edward Teller
- Tornado
- Tropical cyclone
- Ununoctium
- Uranium
- White dwarf
- Wind
September
editThis month, the Physics portal selects various Wikipedia books related to physics. A Wikipedia Book is a collection of Wikipedia articles that can be easily saved, rendered electronically in PDF, ZIM or OpenDocument format, or ordered as a printed book. As with most projects on Wikipedia, this one is evolving.
- Albert Einstein
- Atomic models
- Earth Science
- Electronic structure methods
- Energy
- Four-fermion interactions
- Hadronic Matter
- Hydrogen
- Isaac Newton
- Landmark experiments in physics
- Large Hadron Collider
- Leptons
- Matter
- Maxwell's equations
- Nobel Prize in Physics
- Nucleosynthesis
- Orbital Mechanics
- Orders of magnitude
- Particles of the Standard Model
- Physics
- Quantum Algebra and Quantum Computers
- Quantum Mechanics
- Quarks
- Radioactive Waste Management
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Space
- System
- Universe
- Via Panisperna Boys
- Wolf Prize in Physics
- There is also the book Chemical elements, which contains links to various books on the elements.
October
editWikipedia news
edit- From Wikipedia's main page on Tuesday, October 4, 2011:
- Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess share the Nobel Prize for Physics for work on the accelerating expansion of the universe. (Nobel Prize) (The Guardian)
Related featured article
editThe Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German, "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays (or x-rays)." This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics. It is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
November
editBelow are links to Featured content within WikiProject Physics. A small bronze star icon ( ) on the top right corner of an article's page, symbolizes the featured content on Wikipedia.
A featured article exemplifies our very best work and is distinguished by professional standards of writing, presentation, and sourcing. Featured article status means the article is well written, comprehensive, and well researched. Besides meeting the policies regarding content for all Wikipedia articles, it meets style guidelines.
- Archimedes
- Astrophysics Data System
- Atom
- Atomic line filter
- Big Bang
- Binary star
- James E. Boyd (scientist)
- Dwarf planet
- Electron
- Equipartition theorem
- Leonhard Euler
- Extrasolar planet
- Eye (cyclone)
- Ursula Franklin
- Gamma-ray burst
- General relativity
- Gliding
- Hubble Deep Field
- Introduction to general relativity
- Johannes Kepler
- Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector
- Magnetosphere of Jupiter
- Mechanical filter
- Numerical weather prediction
- Gerard K. O'Neill
- J. Robert Oppenheimer
- Blaise Pascal
- Photon
- Planetary nebula
- Plutonium
- Quark
- Redshift
- Louis Slotin
- Speed of light
- Star
- Sun
- Supernova
- Edward Teller
- Tornado
- Tropical cyclone
- Ununoctium
- Uranium
- White dwarf
- Wind
December
editThis month, the Physics portal selects various Wikipedia books related to physics. A Wikipedia Book is a collection of Wikipedia articles that can be easily saved, rendered electronically in PDF, ZIM or OpenDocument format, or ordered as a printed book. As with most projects on Wikipedia, this one is evolving.
- Albert Einstein
- Atomic models
- Earth Science
- Electronic structure methods
- Energy
- Four-fermion interactions
- Hadronic Matter
- Hydrogen
- Isaac Newton
- Landmark experiments in physics
- Large Hadron Collider
- Leptons
- Matter
- Maxwell's equations
- Nobel Prize in Physics
- Nucleosynthesis
- Orbital Mechanics
- Orders of magnitude
- Particles of the Standard Model
- Physics
- Quantum Algebra and Quantum Computers
- Quantum Mechanics
- Quarks
- Radioactive Waste Management
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Space
- System
- Universe
- Via Panisperna Boys
- Wolf Prize in Physics
- There is also the book Chemical elements, which contains links to various books on the elements.
- ^ West, Jacob (July 2003). "The Quantum Computer" (PDF). Xootic. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ Edwards 2006, pp. 15–17 .
- ^ "Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg Memorial Web Site".