Albert Einstein () (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist widely considered one of the greatest physicists of all time.[1][2] While best known for the theory of relativity (and specifically mass–energy equivalence, E=mc2), he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his 1905 (Annus Mirabilis) explanation of the photoelectric effect and "for his services to theoretical physics". In popular culture, the name "Einstein" has become synonymous with great intelligence and genius.
He was known for many scientific investigations, among which were: his special theory of relativity which stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field, his general theory of relativity which extended the principle of relativity to include gravitation, relativistic cosmology, capillary action, critical opalescence, classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory, leading to an explanation of the Brownian motion of molecules; atomic transition probabilities, the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, the quantum theory of a monatomic gas, the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light, the theory of radiation, including stimulated emission; the construction of a unified field theory, and the geometrization of physics.
References
edit- ^ "Einstein the greatest". BBC. November 29, 1999.
- ^ "Einstein tops physicist pop chart". Institute of Physics. Retrieved 2006-09-28.