Poverty in Peru has rapidly declined since the start of the 21st century, as a result of prosperity from the international market, tourism, low inflation, greater economic opportunities, and neoliberal economic policy, at one of the fastest rates in South America. Poverty decreased from 58.7% in 2004 to 20.5% in 2018, or from 14.9 million people in poverty to fewer than 6.8 million people in 2018, with millions of Peruvians rising out of poverty according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI).[1] In 2019 the poverty rate decreased with another 1,7%.[2]
As of 2018, 20.5% of the population of Peru is at or below the poverty line, constituting around 6,765,000 people. Only 2.8% (~924,000 people) of the Peruvian population find themselves in extreme poverty. According to the INEI, extreme poverty is defined as individuals who earn less than US$80 per month (S./264 PEN), and the minimum living wage is defined as US$415 per month.
Poverty in Peru is especially present in underdeveloped and most inland regions of Peru, particularly Huancavelica and Cajamarca, as a result of little economic opportunity and availability of capital in those regions. Areas with a high development index, such as Lima, Moquegua and Ica, enjoy relatively low poverty as a result of economic opportunity.
Peru is one of the countries in the world that has seen the fastest reduction of poverty, partly due to sound economic policy and growth.[3]
However in 2020 Peru's poverty rate increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Unemployment and social mobility
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Peru's National Institute of Informational Data (INEI) reported around 686,300 able Peruvians as unemployed.
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Other dimensions of poverty
editBasic access to utilities has relatively improved in Peru throughout since 2000, as seen through the percentage of the population lacking basic utilities declining.[4]
| Year | Water | Basic Sanitation | Overcrowdedness |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 28.0% | 42.0% | 12.3% |
| 2008 | 27.6% | 40.4% | 11.6% |
| 2009 | 25.9% | 38.3% | 11.0% |
| 2010 | 23.8% | 36.4% | 9.6% |
| 2011 | 23.2% | 34.9% | 9.6% |
| 2012 | 17.7% | 33.4% | 8.9% |
| 2013 | 16.9% | 33.0% | 8.3% |
| 2014 | 14.3% | 32.3% | 7.6% |
| 2015 | 14.2% | 31.5% | 7.4% |
| 2016 | 12.0% | 30.6% | 7.3% |
| 2017 | 12.0% | 29.7% | 7.0% |
| Source: INEI (2017) | |||
References
edit- ^ "Perfil de la pobreza 2012, Perú" (PDF). INEI. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ^ "Peru Poverty Rate 1997-2022".
- ^ "Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Peru | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ^ "Evolución de la Pobreza monetaria 2007-2017 – Instituto Peruano de Economía" (in Spanish). 24 April 2018. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
- Perfil de la Pobreza 2012, Perú
- Pobreza por Departamentos 2010, Perú
- Pobreza por Distritos 2007, Perú