Povlsen is a Danish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Anders Holch Povlsen (born 1972), Danish billionaire
- Flemming Povlsen (born 1966), Danish former professional football player
- Kasper Povlsen (born 1989), Danish footballer
- Troels Holch Povlsen (born 1949), Danish businessman, founder of fashion chain Bestseller