Prabhakaravardhana (also known as Prabhakara Vardhana) was a king of Thanesar in northern India around the time of the decline of the Gupta Empire. According to the historian R. C. Majumdar, he was the first notable king of the Vardhana dynasty but the fourth ruler from the family,[1] who are also referred to as the Pushpabhutis.[2] He had been preceded by his father, Adityavardhana, grandfather Rajyavardhana I and great-grandfather, Naravardhana, but inscriptions suggest that Banabhatta, the seventh-century bard and chronicler of the Vardhanas, may have been wrong to call these earlier rulers kings and that they may instead have been mere feudatory rulers of minor significance.[3]
| Prabhakaravardhana | |
|---|---|
| Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja | |
| 4th King of Thanesar | |
| Reign | c. 580 – c. 605 CE |
| Predecessor | Adityavardhana |
| Successor | Rajyavardhana |
| Spouse | Yasomati |
| Issue | Rajyavardhana Harsha Rajyashri |
| Dynasty | Pushyabhuti dynasty |
| Father | Adityavardhana |
| Mother | Mahasenagupta |
Prabhakaravardhana's father, Adityavardhana, had formed an alliance with Mahasenagupta of Magadha against the Maukhari dynasty.[4][2] He was married to Mahasenagupta, who was probably the sister of this Gupta king who bore the same name. Through these arrangements he had much enlarged the family's estates. It is because of this territorial expansion that, while Adityavardhana bore the title of maharaja, his son was able to use the higher rank of maharajadhiraja.[3] In turn, Prabhakaravardhana further extended Vardhana control, using aggressive tactics that resulted in him probably ruling over the Punjab and part of Malwa.[1] Aside from defeating rulers in Gujarat, Gandhara and Sind, he also resisted the invasion of the Hunas,[5] as reported by the 7th century writer Bāṇabhaṭṭa.[6][7]
The date of death of Prabhakaravardhana is variously stated: according to Majumdar, it was in 604 CE but some sources, such as the military historian Kaushik Roy, say 606 CE, and others state 605.[1][3][5] He was married to Yasomati, who became sati.[8]
Prabhakaravardhana and Yasomati had three children. Their eldest son, Rajyavardhana, succeeded to the throne and was in turn succeeded by the younger son, Harsha; their daughter, Rajyashri, married Grahavarman of the Maukhari dynasty that ruled Kannauj.[5][a]
See also
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Citations
- ^ a b c Majumdar (1977), pp. 249–250
- ^ a b Sen (1999), p. 247
- ^ a b c Allan, Haig & Dodwell (1934), p. 105
- ^ Roy (2013a), p. 82
- ^ a b c Roy (2013b), pp. 21–22
- ^ Bāṇabhaṭṭa credits Prabhakaravardhana with a strong stance against the Hunas, describing him as:"A lion to the Huna deer, a burning fever to the king of the Indus land, a troubler of the sleep of Gujarat king, a billious plague to that scent-elephant, the lord of Gandhara, a destroyer of the skill of the Latas.", Ancient Indian History and Civilization by Sailendra Nath Sen p.253
- ^ The Cambridge Shorter History of India p.105
- ^ Tripathi (1989), p. 73
- ^ Sengupta (2011), pp. 34–35
Bibliography
- Allan, J.; Haig, T. Wolseley; Dodwell, H. H., eds. (1934), The Cambridge Shorter History of India, Cambridge University Press
- Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1977) [1952], Ancient India (Reprinted ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8-12080-436-4
- Roy, Kaushik (2013a), "Kautilya", in Coetzee, Daniel; Eysturlid, Lee W. (eds.), Philosophers of War: The Evolution of History's Greatest Military Thinkers, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-0-313-07033-4
- Roy, Kaushik (2013b), "Bana", in Coetzee, Daniel; Eysturlid, Lee W. (eds.), Philosophers of War: The Evolution of History's Greatest Military Thinkers, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-0-313-07033-4
- Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999), Ancient Indian History and Civilization, New Age International, ISBN 978-8-122-41198-0
- Sengupta, Nitish K. (2011), Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib, Penguin Books India, ISBN 978-0-14341-678-4
- Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1989) [1964], History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest (Reprinted ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8-120-80404-3