Preyer is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
- Carl Adolph Preyer (1863–1947), German-American pianist, composer, and teacher
- Gottfried von Preyer (1807–1901), Austrian composer, conductor, and teacher
- Johann Wilhelm Preyer (1803–1889), German still life painter
- L. Richardson Preyer (1919–2001), jurist and a U.S. representative in Congress
- William Thierry Preyer (1841–1897), English-born physiologist who worked in Germany
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