Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen, Duke of Saxony (Friedrich Johann Bernhard Hermann Heinrich Moritz; 12 October 1861 – 23 August 1914) was a German soldier and member of the Ducal House of Saxe-Meiningen.
| Prince Friedrich | |||||
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 Photograph by Albert Meyer, 1914 | |||||
| Born | 12 October 1861 Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, German Confederation | ||||
| Died | 23 August 1914 (aged 52) Tarcienne, Walcourt, Belgium | ||||
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| House | Saxe-Meiningen | ||||
| Father | Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen | ||||
| Mother | Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg | ||||
Birth and university
editPrince Friedrich was born in Meiningen the second son of Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his second wife Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, a descendant of Diego Velázquez.
Prince Friedrich attended the University of Bonn where unusually for a royal prince he refused to accept an adjutant or maintain a horse and carriage. At university due to his royal status he was a member of the exclusive "Borussia" student dueling corps. Although the future William II, German Emperor was a prominent member, Prince Friedrich was not active in the group, rarely attending meetings, instead preferring to shun social life in favour of concentrating on his studies. He narrowly escaped serious injury at Bonn when a retort blew up near him during a chemical experiment.[1]
Army and death
editAfter finishing his studies Prince Friedrich entered into the army. Just as he had at university while a lieutenant in Strassbourg he was not an active member of society focusing on the study of artillery. He was promoted to colonel in 1902, brigadier general in 1907 and major general in 1910 before retiring from the army in 1913.[1]
With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Prince Friedrich, despite suffering a broken arm a short while beforehand, returned to active service. He took the command of the 39th Reserve Infantry Brigade, part of the X Reserve Corps. The corps participated in the German invasion of Belgium. Unfortunately, Prince Friedrich was killed on 23 August. His son Prince Georg, travelled to meet his father's regiment to discover his father's fate. He discovered his father had been struck by shrapnel or machine gun bullets when he left a house he was using as an observation post.[1] One of his sons, Ernst Leopold followed his father three days later.[2]
His body was brought to the College of the Sacred Heart of Charleroi where he was embalmed.[3] His body was returned to Meiningen for burial.
The American sculptor and Rome resident Moses Ezekiel created a bust of him.[4]
Marriage and issue
editPrince Friedrich married Countess Adelaide of Lippe-Biesterfeld (later Princess of Lippe), daughter of Count Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld, in Neudorf on 24 April 1889. The dynastic status of the marriage of Friedrich and Adelaide was questioned during the Lippe succession dispute when it was argued that if Adelaide's brother, Leopold, was excluded from the Lippe succession on the grounds that their great-grandmother, Modeste von Unruh, was not of equal birth, then the children of Friedrich and Adelaide should be excluded from the Saxe-Meiningen succession on the same grounds.[5]
Prince Friedrich and Princess Adelaide had six children who were full members of the Ducal House of Saxe-Meiningen:
- Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (29 May 1890–12 March 1972) she married Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach on 21 January 1910. They had four children.
- Princess Adelheid of Saxe-Meiningen (16 August 1891–25 April 1971) she married Prince Adalbert of Prussia on 3 August 1914. They had three children.
- Georg, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen (11 October 1892 – 6 January 1946) he married Countess Klara-Maria von Korff genannt Schmising-Kerssenbrock on 22 February 1919. They had four children.
- Prince Ernst of Saxe-Meiningen (23 September 1895-17 August 1914) at the age of eighteen he was killed in World War I.
- Princess Luise of Saxe-Meiningen (13 March 1899-14 February 1985) she married Götz Baron von Wangenheim on 25 October 1936. They had two children and three grandchildren:
- Baroness Karin von Wangenheim (29 October 1937) she married Hans-Dieter Schwarze on 5 August 1963. They had one son.
- Baron Ernst Friedrich von Wangenheim (14 April 1941) he married Christa Margarete Binninger on 4 July 1963. They had two children.
- Bernhard, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen (30 June 1901–4 October 1984) he married Margot Grössler on 25 April 1931. They had two children, three grandchildren and one great-grandson. He remarried Baroness Vera Schäffer von Bernstein on 11 August 1948. They had three children.
Honours
editHe received the following orders and decorations:[2]
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1879[6]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1885[7]
Brunswick: Grand Cross of Henry the Lion, 1895[8]
Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Leopold, 1895[9]
Baden:[10]
- Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion, 1903
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1908
Kingdom of Prussia:
- Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class
- Service Award Cross
Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown
Russian Empire: Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
Ancestry
edit| Ancestors of Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen |
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References
edit- Almanach de Gotha, Gotha 1931
- ^ a b c German Princes Who Have Fallen in the War. New York Times. 31 October 1915
- ^ a b "Friedrich Johann Bernhard Hermann Heinrich Moritz Prinz von Sachsen-Meiningen, Herzog zu Sachsen D." the Prussian Machine. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ Lemaire 1929, pp. 72–75
- ^ "Obituary — Sir Moses Ezekiel". American Art News. 31 March 1917. p. 4.
- ^ Article 2 -- No Title, By The Associated Press. New York Times. 9 October 1904. Page 5
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtums Sachsen-Meiningen (1912), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 22
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
- ^ "Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908". (1908). In Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig (Vol. 1908). Meyer. p. 9
- ^ "Ritter-Orden: Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1913, pp. 61, retrieved 31 March 2021
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden", pp. 41, 188
Bibliography
edit- Lemaire, A. (1929). L'invasion allemande au pays de Charleroi. Brussels: Janssens, Leunis et Havet. p. 325.