Productida is an extinct order of brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata. Members of Productida first appeared during the Silurian.[1] They represented the most abundant group of brachiopods during the Permian period, accounting for 45-70% of all species. The vast majority of species went extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, though a handful survived into the Early Triassic.[2] Many productids are covered in hollow tubular spines, which are characteristic of the group. A number of functions for the spines have been proposed, including as a defensive mechanism against predators.[3]
| Productida Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Productid brachiopod ventral valve interior; Roadian, Guadalupian (Middle Permian); Glass Mountains, Texas. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
| Class: | †Strophomenata |
| Order: | †Productida Sarytcheva & Sokolskaya, 1959 |
| Suborders | |
Taxonomy
editFollowing the Treatise[4]
- Suborder Chonetidina
- Superfamily Chonetoidea
- Family Strophochonetidae
- Family Chonostrophiidae
- Family Anopliidae
- Family Eodevonariidae
- Family Chonetidae
- Family Rugosochonetidae
- Family Daviesiellidae
- Superfamily Chonetoidea
- Suborder Productidina
- Superfamily Productoidea
- Family Productellidae
- Family Productidae
- Superfamily Echinoconchoidea
- Family Echinoconchidae
- Family Sentosiidae
- Superfamily Linoproductoidea
- Family Linoproductidae
- Family Monticuliferidae
- Family Shrenkiellidae
- Superfamily Productoidea
- Suborder Strophalosiidina
- Superfamily Strophalosioidea
- Family Strophalosiidae
- Family Chonopectidae
- Family Araksalosiidae
- Superfamily Aulostegoidea
- Family Aulostegidae
- Family Cooperinidae
- Family Scacchinellidae
- Superfamily Richthofenioidea
- Family Richthofeniidae
- Family Hercosiidae
- Family Cyclacanthariidae
- Family Gemmellaroiidae
- Superfamily Strophalosioidea
- Suborder Lyttoniidina
- Superfamily Lyttonioidea
- Family Lyttoniidae
- Family Rigbyellidae
- Superfamily Permianelloidea
- Family Permianellidae
- Superfamily Lyttonioidea
References
edit- ^ Clarkson, E. N. K. (2013-07-23). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68516-7.
- ^ Zhang, Yang; He, WeiHong (November 2008). "Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (11): 1589–1600. Bibcode:2008ScChD..51.1589Z. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3. ISSN 1006-9313. S2CID 129786860.
- ^ Johnsen, Simen Alexander Linge; Ahmed, Madeeha; Leighton, Lindsey R. (April 2013). "The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 375: 30–37. Bibcode:2013PPP...375...30J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009.
- ^ Williams, Alwyn; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.; et al. (1997–2007). Kaesler, Roger L.; Selden, Paul (eds.). Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, Colorado; Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America; University of Kansas.
External links
edit
Data related to Productida at Wikispecies
Media related to Productida at Wikimedia Commons- "Productida". Paleobiology Database.
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