Prometheus (Russian: Прометей, romanized: Prometheus, Ukrainian: Прометей, romanized: Prometey) is a 1936 Soviet war film directed by Ivan Kavaleridze. The film is an adaptation of the 1845 poem The Caucasus by Taras Shevchenko. At the centre of the development of Ukrainian cinema during the 1930s, the film was banned by Soviet censors shortly after its release for "bourgeois nationalist" themes. Since then, it has grown to be considered one of the greatest Ukrainian films ever made, and it is rated 30th on the Dovzhenko Centre's list of 100 greatest Ukrainian films.[2]
| Prometheus | |
|---|---|
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| Directed by | Ivan Kavaleridze |
| Written by | Ivan Kavaleridze |
| Cinematography | Mykola Topchiy |
| Music by | Pavel Tolstyakov, Andriy Balanchyvadze |
Production company | |
Release date |
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Running time | 84 minutes[1] |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Languages |
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Plot
editA young man, Ivan, is forcefully mobilised and sent to fight in the Caucasian War as a soldier of the Russian Empire by his landlord, leaving his wife behind. In the Caucasus, Ivas experiences the fierce local resistance to the Russian military, and returns home to launch an uprising against the Russian government.
Cast
edit- Ivan Tverdokhlib - Ivan
- Polina Tabachnykova-Niatko - Kateryna
- Oleksandr Serdiuk - Svichka Pomishchyk, the colonel
- Ivan Straukh - Zhukov, the merchant
- Hnat Yura - Sydorenko, Svichka's manager
- Natalia Uzhviy - Nastasia Markivna
- Ivan Marianenko - General Ladanskyi
- I. Nekrutenko - Russian gendarmerie
- V. Yershov - Nicholas I of Russia
- Chuta Eristova-Zhgenti - Dadiani princess
- Danylo Antonovych - Gavrilov, the revolutionary
- Shota Nodzadze - Georgian prisoner
- Mykola Nademskyi - Taras Shevchenko
Production crew
edit- Director - Ivan Kavaleridze[1]
- Screenwriter - Ivan Kavaleridze[2]
- Cinematographer - Mykola Topchiy
- Production designer - Vasyl Krychevskyi
- Composers - Pavel Tolstyakov, Andriy Balanchyvadze[1]
Release
editPrometheus completed production in late 1935, and permission was given to Ukrainfilm (now known as Dovzhenko Film Studios) by the State Committee for Cinematography to release it.[3] On 13 January 1936, the film had its first showing in Leningrad. Upon its release, it received mixed reviews, with filmmakers and Soviet state press initially supporting it,[2] and Russian film critics strongly condemning it.
Ban
editDespite early positive reviews in the press, on 13 February 1936, the article "A Crude Scheme Instead of Historical Truth" was published in Pravda, sharply criticising the film. Reportedly, the article was made on the personal orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. The article accused Kavaleridze of several offenses, including formalism, naturalism, bourgeois nationalism. The "manifest failure" of Prometheus, according to M. Koltsov, the article's author, was that, "Instead of the historical truth shown by the means of art, it gives a crude scheme that distorts history."[4]
Following the release of the article, the film was banned.[2] The Ukrainfilm staff subsequently published an additional article, accepting the criticism.[5] In March 1936, Kavaleridze wrote an article titled "Invaluable Help", in which he promised to "repent" for Prometheus by creating a new film which would take into mind the critiques laid out in Pravda.[6] However, Kavaleridze's promises were poorly received by the newspaper, which noted that he "did not give a detailed critique of his mistakes."[7]
After the film's ban, Kavaleridze was banned from working alongside minors, bringing an end to his Ukrainian Songs on the Screen series (including folk songs sung by youth). He was also barred from directing historical films, and instead only permitted to create operas.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Прометей" [Prometheus]. Ukrainian State Film Agency (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Prometheus / Prometei". Dovzhenko Centre. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Nesterchuk, D. V. "Fund of Ivan Kavaleridze at the Central Academy of Ukraine (to the 125th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding sculptor, director and playwright)" (PDF). State Archival Service of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Koltsov, M. (March 1936). "Груба схема замість історичної правди" [A Crude Scheme Instead of Historical Truth]. Radianske kino: 3–5 – via Ukrainian Culture Electronic Library.
- ^ "Невдача режисера Кавалерідзе повчальна не тільки для нього самого" [The Failure of Director Kavaleridze is Instructive Not Only for Himself]. Radianske kino: 5–7. March 1936 – via Ukrainian Culture Electronic Library.
- ^ Kavaleridze, Ivan (March 1936). "Неоціненна допомога" [Invaluable Help]. Radianske kino: 11–12 – via Ukrainian Culture Electronic Library.
- ^ Halkin, L. "Іван Кавалерідзе: митець і влада" [Ivan Kavaleridze: the Artist and the Government] (PDF). Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University (in Ukrainian). pp. 256–262. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Kapelhorodska, Nonna (2007). Іван Кавалерідзе: життя і творчість [Ivan Kavaleridze: Life and Creativity] (in Ukrainian). Kyiv. p. 24. ISBN 9789668825361.
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