Protea scabra, also known as the sandpaper-leaf sugarbush,[2][3][4] is a flowering groundcover that belongs to the genus Protea. The plant is endemic to South Africa[2] and is found from the Hottentots Holland Mountains across the Riviersonderend Mountains, the Kleinrivier Mountains and around the town of Caledon to the Swartberg mountains.[2][4]
| Protea scabra | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | Protea |
| Species: | P. scabra
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| Binomial name | |
| Protea scabra | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Other vernacular names which have been recorded for this species are rasp-leaf erodendrum, scab-leaf protea, and scabrous sugarbush. In Afrikaans it is known as the skurweblaargrondsuikerbos.[5]
Taxonomy
editThis species was collected as a herbarium specimen by William Roxburgh during a stop at the Cape of Good Hope on the way to India, and was first described by Robert Brown in the 1810 publication On the Proteaceae of Jussieu. Brown states the wealthy merchant George Hibbert grew the species in his private protea collection, although he questions if it were not another new species entirely. Brown also described Protea tenuifolia from a plant obtained by Hibbert's personal plant collector, the Scotsman James Niven, in the same publication.[6] Although this taxon is now seen as a synonym of this species and was published first and thus had priority, the name had already been published a number of times prior for other species and was therefore occupied and illegitimate.[6][7]
Description
editThe shrub forms a dense mat, up to 50cm in diameter, of root-like, underground rhizomes.[2][3][4] Tufts of leaves eventually bearing flowers appear on the surface of the soil.[3] It is long-lived, with individuals living longer than a century.[2] The plant sprouts again from the underground stems after fires.[2][4]
Ecology
editThe plant is monoecious with both sexes in each flower. It blooms from April to October with the peak from July to October. Pollination may occur through the action of rodents,[4] although it might also be pollinated by birds.[2] The seeds are stored in the woody fruit which is retained on the plant for one to two years, until fires open the fruit. When released the seeds are dispersed by wind.[2][4]
The species grows on flats or low slopes in mountainous areas, typically in shale soil, but also in sandstone fynbos, at elevations of 50 - 900 m.[2][4]
Conservation
editThe population of this species has decreased by an estimated 25-30% over the last century due to afforestation, invasive species, agriculture and urban expansion,[2] but it is still locally common.[4]
References
edit- ^ Rebelo, A.G.; Mtshali, H.; von Staden, L. (2020). "Protea scabra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T113220610A185563301. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113220610A185563301.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rebelo, A.G.; Mtshali, H.; von Staden, L. (31 March 2006). "Clanwilliam Sugarbush". Red List of South African Plants. version 2020.1. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ a b c "Protea scabra (Sandpaper-leaf sugarbush)". biodiversity explorer. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Dwarf-tufted Sugarbushes - Proteas". Protea Atlas Project Website. 11 March 1998. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ^ Tony Rebelo (25 January 2008). Protea Atlas, part 4 (PDF) (Report). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town. p. 23-24. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ a b Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 46, 90–92. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1810.tb00013.x. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ "Protea tenuifolia | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 12 July 2020.