Protective Intelligence (PI), is a subsection of executive protection and a type of threat assessment.[1][2] PI is a proactive method of identifying, assessing, and mitigating possible threats to the client. It is meant to reduce the ability of an individual from getting close enough to attack the client or even the likelihood of them deciding to attack.[3]
Methods
editA PI analyst collects information through investigative methods, open source research, specialized databases, and other records on those who have the means and the interest in harming their client.[4]
Red team analysis is often conducted by PI analysts to help identify security threats to the client by looking from the outside in. This can include physical security assessments, such as observing the client’s schedule or transportation route and determining the points of vulnerability. Red team analysis for PI also includes cyberstalking the client through open source research to determine how much sensitive information is available to potential attackers. Countersurveillance operations are used to make it more difficult for an attack to be planned as well. PI analysts help focus these operations and identify the areas mostly likely to be exploited, analyze the operations' findings, and investigate any individuals of interest who are detected.[5]
Components
editPI’s three main functions are identification, assessment, and management/mitigation.
- Identification: The PI analyst must first determine where and how their client is vulnerable and who would want to exploit their vulnerability. The analyst then identifies these individuals who pose potential threats.
- Assessment: Assessment occurs after an individual is identified as a potential threat to the client. A variety of tools and methods are employed during this phase of PI to investigate if the threat is legitimate and if so, how much of a threat. The information sought after is what the executive protection agents need to know to properly protect the client. Sources of information for the assessment can come from interviews from the individual or others who know them, records on the individual and background checks, writings by or about the individual, or travel and purchase receipts from the individual. This helps determine if and why the individual is interested in attacking the client, as well as if they have the means to do so.
- Management/Mitigation: If the investigation shows the individual is not a threat then the case is closed, though the investigation and the individual's information is kept on record. If the investigation proves the individual is a threat, then the analyst will monitor the threat and occasionally perform reassessments. Monitoring can take the shape of surveilling social media accounts, physical surveillance, or reaching out to a third party that is connected to the individual. The analyst also provides the rest of the executive protection team with an unbiased explanation of who the individual is and why they represent a threat.[6] [7]
The team
editPI analysts often interact with a number of other professionals when working in executive protection. Psychologists act as consultants to advise the team if an individual of interest has or appears to have a mental illness. Human resource managers and employee mental health program organizers are able to alert the team if an employee has shown the potential to become violent and to then help divert them from that path. Physical security guards work alongside the analysts, relying on them to provide pictures and information on possibly threatening individuals. The client, as well as their staff and family, can also be briefed on any important information pertaining to their security and the measures they should take to ensure it.[8]
The clients
editThe most common clients that utilize PI are internationally travelling dignities, high ranking politicians, corporate executives with a high net worth, and celebrities.[9] Other clients can include schools and business that wish to guard against mass shootings.[10]
References
edit- ^ "Protective Intelligence Investigations". www.state.gov. U.S.: United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
- ^ "Protective Intelligence Threat Assessment Investigations" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. U.S.: National Criminal Justice Reference Service.
- ^ Malone, Rick (2015). "Protective Intelligence: Applying the Intelligence Cycle Model to Threat Assessment". Journal of Threat Assessment and Management. 2 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1037/tam0000034.
- ^ Fein, Robert; Vossekuil, Bryan (July 1998). Protective Intelligence and Threat Assessment Investigations: A Guide for State and Local Law Enforcement Officials. Web: The National Institute of Justice. pp. 21–31.
- ^ "The Proactive Tool of Protective Intelligence".
- ^ "Protective Intelligence Fundamentals and Challenges". 19 June 2018.
- ^ Malone, Rick (2015). "Protective Intelligence: Applying the Intelligence Cycle Model to Threat Assessment". Journal of Threat Assessment and Management. 2 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1037/tam0000034.
- ^ "The Proactive Tool of Protective Intelligence".
- ^ Oatman, Robert (2006). Executive Protection: New Solutions for a New Era. Baltimore, Md: Nobel House. ISBN 978-1561679423.
- ^ Malone, Rick (2015). "Protective Intelligence: Applying the Intelligence Cycle Model to Threat Assessment". Journal of Threat Assessment and Management. 2 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1037/tam0000034.