Proterotherium (meaning "first beast") is an extinct genus of litoptern mammal of the family Proterotheriidae that lived during the Late Miocene of Argentina and Chile.[1] Fossils of this genus have been found in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina,[2] and the Galera Formation of Chile.[3][1]
| Proterotherium | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | †Litopterna |
| Family: | †Proterotheriidae |
| Subfamily: | †Proterotheriinae |
| Genus: | †Proterotherium Ameghino, 1883 |
| Type species | |
| †Proterotherium cervioides Ameghino, 1883
| |
Classification
editThe genus Proterotherium was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1883, on the basis of fossil remains found in Upper Miocene deposits in Patagonia. The type species is Proterotherium cervioides. Numerous other species have been ascribed to this genus, many of which come from lower-middle Miocene deposits, such as P. americanum, P. australe, P. brachygnathum, P. cavum, P. cingulatum, P. curtidens, P. dichotomum , P. divortium, P. gradatum, P. intermedium, P. karaikense, P. mixtum, P. nitens, P. perpolitum, P. politum, P. main, and P. pyramidatum. However, many of these species are now considered to be synonymous with the type species, and others belong to other genera, such as Tetramerorhinus, a genus long confused with Proterotherium.[4]
Proterotherium is the type genus of Proterotheriidae, a group of litopterns characterized by a morphology very similar to that of equids, especially in regards to the legs. Proterotherium is a typical example of the Miocene proterotheres, very specialized in the morphology of the legs and also in the dentition. A very similar animal was Anisolophus.
Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by McGrath et al., 2020, showing the position of Proterotherium:[5]
References
edit- ^ a b "Fossilworks: Proterotherium". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
- ^ Schmidt, Gabriela I. (2013-04-25). Litopterna y Notoungulata (Mammalia) de la formación Ituzaingó (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno) de la provincia de Entre Ríos: sistemática, bioestratigrafía y paleobiogeografía (Tesis thesis) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
- ^ McGrath, Andrew J.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2020-05-02). "Proterotheriids and macraucheniids (Litopterna: Mammalia) from the Pampa Castillo Fauna, Chile (early Miocene, Santacrucian SALMA) and a new phylogeny of Proterotheriidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (9): 717–738. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18..717M. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1662500. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 204142828.
- ^ Schmidt, G. I.; Del Pino, S.H.; Muñoz, N.A.; Fernández, M. (2019). "LITOPTERNA (MAMMALIA) FROM THE SANTA CRUZ FORMATION (EARLY-MIDDLE MIOCENE) AT THE RÍO SANTA CRUZ, SOUTHERN ARGENTINA". Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. 19 (2). doi:10.5710/PEAPA.13.08.2019.290. hdl:11336/121536.
- ^ Andrew J. McGrath; Federico Anaya; Darin A. Croft (2020). "New proterotheriids (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and trends in diversity and body size of proterotheriid and macraucheniid litopterns". Ameghiniana. 57 (2): 159–188. doi:10.5710/AMGH.03.03.2020.3268. S2CID 216236954.