Wikipedia

PBSC Urban Solutions

(Redirected from Public Bike System Company)

PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and software, and sells its products to cities in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil and more.[1][2][3] The company has sold about 100,000 bikes and 9,000 stations to 45 cities.[4][5][6]

PBSC Urban Solutions Inc.
Formerly
  • Public Bike System Company
  • (Société de Vélo en Libre-Service)
Company typePrivate
IndustryBicycle-sharing systems
Founded
  • 2008; 16 years ago (2008),
  • in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • (as Public Bike System Company)
FounderSociété en commandite Stationnement de Montréal (SCSM)
Headquarters
Longueuil, Quebec
,
Canada
Area served
Worldwide
BrandsIconic, Boost, Fit, E-Fit
Owner
  • Lyft, Inc. (2022–present)
Websitepbsc.com
Footnotes / references

Public Bike System Company (PBSC) was initially created by the City of Montreal[7][8] to supply and operate its public bike share system under the brand Bixi (later becoming Bixi Montréal), which was introduced in 2009.[9] The name 'Bixi' is a portmanteau of 'bicycle' and 'taxi'. Starting in 2010, PBSC began to export the Bixi brand of bike-share systems to various other cities.[citation needed]

Bruno Rodi purchased the international division in April 2014 and renamed the company to PBSC Urban Solutions.[10][11] (Montreal's on-the-ground Bixi bike-share operations were not included in the sale, and were reorganized under the Bixi Montréal name.) In 2015, he sold the majority share to Luc Sabbatini, who became CEO.[10]

On May 17, 2022, Lyft, Inc. acquired PBSC Urban Solutions for $160 million.[12]

History

edit

In 2007, the city of Montreal published the "Reinvent Montreal" transportation plan, which featured a bike sharing system as a method of reducing automobile dependence. To design and operate the new system, the city created the Public Bike System Company (PBSC). This was a private non-profit company overseen by Stationnement de Montréal (the Montreal parking authority).[13]

After the 2008 implementation of the system in Montreal, solutions like Bixi began expanding around the world. PBSC's systems are now found across North America, Latin America, Europe and more.

In May 2009, the system began operation in Montreal, with 3000 bicycles and 300 stations.[citation needed][14] After several expansions and the integration of electric bikes, in 2021 the Montreal system has 9,092 bikes and e-bikes and 750 stations.[15][16]

From June to September 2009, the system was introduced in a pilot study in Ottawa/Gatineau.[17] This was followed by operations in Melbourne, Australia from May 2010,[18] Minneapolis (MN), in June 2010,[19] and London in July 2010.[20] PBSC launched on the Washington State University campus in August 2010, in Washington, D.C. & Arlington under the name "Capital Bikeshare" in September 2010.

In 2011, PBSC implemented a bike-sharing system in Boston under the name "Hubway" and in Toronto, under the name "Bike Share Toronto".[21]

In 2012, the company expanded to Chattanooga, USA.[22]

In 2013, the company continues its expansion in the United States by implementing systems in Chicago,[23] New York and Aspen.[24]

In 2014, PBSC Urban Solutions expands its activities to Guadalajara, Mexico where it deploys 1,276 bikes and 122 stations. As of 2021, the city has 3,200 bikes and 305 stations.[25]

On January 20, 2014, the company filed for bankruptcy in Montreal, citing $46 million in debt. Part of the issue in the bankruptcy was that Chicago and New York were withholding $5 million in payments because of software issues with the docking stations.[26][27] Over the course of 2014, Bruno Rodi purchased the international division of Bixi and renamed it to PBSC Urban Solutions. Luc Sabbatini became CEO of the company in January 2015.[28]

In 2015, the company announced that it was making a $2 million investment in Research & Development.[29] That same year, PBSC rolled out its solutions in Toluca, Mexico[30] and announced the expansion of its existing networks in London, Chicago,[31] Washington[32] and Guadalajara.

In 2016, PBSC Urban Solutions added a new pedal-assist electric bike to its portfolio, and rebranded two of its existing bikes. That same year, the company implemented its solution in Kona, U.S. and expanded in Toronto,[33] Chicago, Washington and Aspen.

In 2017, the company deployed its first system in Brazil in the city of Recife, which consisted of 800 bikes and 80 stations. The company also rolled out its systems in Detroit,[34] Louisville,[35] Tucson[36] & Honolulu[37] in the United States, and Aruba in the Caribbean.

In 2018, the company announced a second R&D investment of more than $5 million. New systems were launched in Valence,[38] France and Nicosia, Cyprus' capital. Thanks to its partnership with Tembici and Itaú Unibanco operators, PBSC expanded its network in Brazil with the deployment of 9,000 bikes in several cities:[39] Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo,[40] Porto Alegre, Vila Velha and Salvador.

In 2019, PBSC Urban Solutions was awarded a 7,000 bike contract in Barcelona, 1,000 of them being electric assisted bikes.[41][42] The same year the company expanded to Monaco,[43] Buenos Aires in Argentina, and Santiago in Chile.[44] It also extended some of its existing systems, including BIXI in Montreal, We-Cycle in Aspen and Libélo in Valence.[45]

In 2020, PBSC entered the Middle East with the launch of Careem Bike, a fully electric system, in Dubai.[46] In the same year, it also implemented its solution in San Sebastian, Spain.

In 2021, PBSC broadened its activities in several cities around the world: Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, Clermont-Ferrand in France,[47] Sibiu in Romania,[48] Quebec City in Canada[49] and in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil.[50]

In 2022, the company reached new territories in Colombia and Romania, rolling out its solutions in the cities of Pittsburgh,[51] Bogota,[52][53] Dej, and Sibiu.[54] It also expanded some of its existing networks, including BIXI in Montreal, Careem Bike in Dubai,[55] Santander Cycles in London,[56] Bike Share Toronto in Toronto, Biki in Honolulu, àVélo in Québec City, Bike Itau in São Paulo, and Libélo in Valence.

On April 19, 2022, Lyft announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire PBSC.[57] The transaction closed on May 17, 2022.

In 2023, PBSC Urban Solutions launched bicimad, a fully electric system in Madrid, Spain, and Biki in Valladolid, Spain.

Original developers

edit
  • 8D Technologies developed the technological platform behind the Bixi system, including the wireless bike station terminals, the RFID bike dock technology and the software systems. The system runs on a combination of solar energy and grid charged batteries. 8D also created the Spotcycle bike-share smartphone app that locates and shows the status of bike stations close to the users.[58][59][60][61]
  • Michel Dallaire designed the physical components.[62][63][64]
  • Robotics Design designed the bike docks and the locking system.[65]
  • Cycles Devinci manufactures PBSC's bikes in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec.[66]
  • Michel Gourdeau suggested the name Bixi, a portmanteau of bicycle and taxi, which was selected by a majority of the people who participated in a contest organized by the city of Montreal.[67][68]

Current systems

edit

The cities that currently use PBSC bike-share systems are listed below:[69]

City Country Launch date System name Stations Bikes
Abu Dhabi   UAE 2021
Aruba   Aruba 2017 Green Bike Aruba 8 100
Aspen/Basalt, Colorado   United States 2013 WE-cycle 82 430
Austin, Texas   United States 2024 CapMetro Bikeshare 76 494
Barcelona   Spain 2019 Bicing 519 7,000
Boston, Massachusetts   United States 2011 Bluebikes 158 1,461
Bogota   Colombia 2022 Tembici 300 3,300
Brasilia   Brazil 2021 Tembici 70 500
Buenos Aires   Argentina 2019 Ecobici 400 4,400
Chattanooga, Tennessee   United States 2012 Bike Chattanooga 43 458
Chicago, Illinois   United States 2013 Divvy 619 6,387
Clermont-Ferrand   France 2021 C.vélo 57 680
Columbus, Ohio   United States 2013 CoGo 70 614
Curitiba   Brazil 2023 Tembici 50 500
Dej   Romania 2023 Dej velo city 16 221
Detroit, Michigan   United States 2017 MoGo 79 679
Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2020 Careem Bike 175 1,750
Guadalajara   Mexico 2014 MiBici 305 3,200
Honolulu, Hawaii[70]   United States 2017 Biki 136 1,288
Hunedoara   Romania 2024 VeloCorvin 12 189
Kona, Hawaii   United States 2016 Hawaii Island Bikeshare 23 209
A Coruña   Spain 2022 bicicoruña 55 606
London   United Kingdom 2010 Santander Cycles 839 13,850
Louisville, Kentucky   United States 2017 LouVelo 39 321
Madrid   Spain 2023 bicimad 611 7,500
Medina   Saudi Arabia 2024 Careem Bike 60 500
Moinesti   Romania 2024 Moinesti Bike City 8 121
Monaco   Monaco 2019 MonaBike 43 400
Montreal, Quebec   Canada 2009 Bixi Montréal 865 10,079
New York, New York   United States 2013 Citi Bike 458 7,000
Nicosia   Northern Cyprus 2018 Velespeed 43 410
Nordelta   Argentina 2022 Tembici 20 200
Pittsburgh   United States 2022 POGOH 60 583
Porto Alegre   Brazil 2018 Bike Itaú 41 410
Quebec City, Quebec   Canada 2021 àVélo 74 780
Recife   Brazil 2017 Bike Itaú 80 800
Rio de Janeiro   Brazil 2018 Bike Itaú 260 3,100
Salvador   Brazil 2018 Bike Itaú 50 400
San Sebastian   Spain 2011 Dbizi 46 461
Sântana   Romania 2022 velo Sântana 8 90
Santiago   Chile 2019 Bike Santiago 350 3,901
São Paulo   Brazil 2018 Bike Itaú 260 3,100
Sibiu   Romania 2022 Sibiu Bike City 57 650
Toronto, Ontario   Canada 2011 Bike Share Toronto 840 9,000
Tucson, Arizona   United States 2017 Tugo 41 330
Valence   France 2018 Libélo 45 306
Valladolid   Spain 2023 Biki 97 1,678
Washington, D.C.   United States 2010 Capital BikeShare 395 5,932

Equipment

edit
 
An e-bike dock in Aspen, CO powered by a Skyhook Solar Station.https://www.tbalcom.com/

A complete station is made up of a payment kiosk, bikes, and bike docks (where the bikes are locked). A station can be installed and configured in about half an hour; no excavation is required beforehand. Ordinary stations use solar power during the day and a rechargeable battery at night. Stations which can charge e-bikes, however, must be connected to an electrical power source.

In 2021, the We-Cycle in Aspen, Colorado began a pilot program with Skyhook Solar, utilizing solar charging stations to power e-bike docks and charge e-bikes. The program has been a success and We-Cycle has added Skyhook Solar Stations to several of its e-bike docks throughout the Roaring Fork Valley.[71]

Bike docks

edit

Bike docks hold and lock the bikes when they are not in use. Each dock includes a button which can be used to notify staff if a bicycle is defective. There are different types of stations:

 
A Bike Share Toronto kiosk and station in Toronto.
  • The electric stations which are powered by the electrical network and range from 100 V to 240 V.
  • The solar stations which are modular and self-sufficient in energy.

Payment kiosks

edit

PBSC's payment kiosks are touchscreen-operated; most of them accept credit cards for short-term rentals. Users can unlock bikes using a numeric one-time PIN number generated by the payment kiosk or an app. Long-term subscribers also have the option to unlock a bike using a subscriber key, which works using contactless RFID ("tap") technology.

 
Santander Cycles station in London

Bikes

edit
See also: Santander Cycles § Devinci

The bicycles are utility bicycles; they have a unisex step-through frame with an upright seating position. They are equipped with grip-shifter-operated internally-geared hubs, drum brakes, mudguards/fenders, chain guard, generator lights, and a front rack.

The one-piece aluminum frame and handlebars conceal cables and fasteners, in an effort to protect them from vandalism and inclement weather. The tires are designed to be puncture-resistant and are filled with nitrogen to maintain proper inflation pressure longer.[72] Twin LED rear lights are integrated into the robust frame, which weighs approximately 18 kg. The bikes were designed by Michel Dallaire; they are built in the Saguenay, Quebec region by Cycles Devinci.

 
Bicing bike in Barcelona

Four bike models are available. These include:[73]

  • The "ICONIC". This is PBSC's original bike model. It has 26" wheels, and is heavy but sturdy.
  • The "FIT". This is a newer model. It is lighter-weight and has 24" wheels.
  • The "BOOST". This is PBSC's original e-bike. The battery lasts for up to 60 km (37 mi) between charges.
  • The "E-FIT". This is a newer e-bike. The battery lasts for up to 70 km (43 mi) between charges.

The "BOOST" and the "E-FIT" each include a 250 watt motor.

Each bike is also equipped with PBSC's patented anti-theft locking device.[74] It can charge e-bikes batteries and communicate data in real-time to the control center.

Multimodal solution

edit

The multimodal solution is a technology designed to dock and charge various vehicles (bikes, e-scooters, e-bikes) at a single station, by installing PBSC's patented locking device on the vehicles.[75]

Technologies

edit

PBSC mobile app

edit

The official PBSC bicycle-rental app is now called "PBSC"; it was formerly called "CycleFinder".[76][77] It can be used to unlock bikes (with the QR code), find nearby stations, find available bikes or empty docks, find a route to a destination, and more, all in real time.[78]

The app can be customized to each city's operators.[79][80]

Transit App

edit

PBSC Urban Solutions also has a partnership with "Transit App";[81] this app can also be used to find stations and unlock bikes.[82]

Comet

edit

Comet is a software program developed by PBSC. The control center allows operators to manage in real-time the system as it is connected to every station and bike. The software shares data about the system's bikes and stations status (need for maintenance, station current capacity), location of bikes, user profile (regular or occasional users).[83]

2014 bankruptcy

edit

In 2013, PBSC began having financial problems; the company filed for bankruptcy in early 2014.[84][85] In January 2014, Bixi filed for bankruptcy in Montreal, citing $46 million in debt. Part of the issue in the bankruptcy was that Chicago and New York were withholding $5 million in payments because of software issues with the docking stations.[26] In February 2014, the city of Montreal bought all Bixi assets, with the intention of selling the international division of the bankrupt company.[86] On April 9, 2014, Bruno Rodi, a Quebec businessman, bought Bixi's international division for $4 million[87] and renamed it PBSC Urban Solutions.[88][89]

Operational difficulties

edit

Several cities experienced hurdles in implementing Bixi systems.

A trial implementation in Ottawa and Gatineau took place in the summer of 2009, with 50 bikes and four stations available until September 2009. While the trial was successful, they did not return in 2010 since no company wanted to manage the project as the National Capital Commission wanted the contractor to buy the bicycles and locking stations.[90] The project was revived, however, and 100 bikes and 10 stations were launched in spring 2011.[91]

Bixi's franchise in central Boston includes the right to negotiate to expand the system to neighboring municipalities. Central Boston will be served by a network that includes 2,500 bikes, and 290 stations with 3,750 docking spaces, with the potential to expand to a 5,000-bike system. The system was delayed, partly because of a lack of funding, but launched in Spring 2011 with 610 bikes and 61 stations.[92] It has since grown into the neighboring communities of Brookline, Cambridge and Somerville. They had initially planned to set up a Bixi system directly, but now are using Alta Bicycle Share, of Portland, Oregon, to set it up.[91] Alta Bicycle Share uses the same bicycles and stations that are used in Bixi through the Public Bike System Company.[93]

The Bixi system in Montreal experienced some initial difficulties less than two months after its introduction in 2009, with damage and vandalism to some of the bikes. The newspaper La Presse reported on July 5, 2009, that one in five bikes had been damaged and 15% of bike racks are defective. Stationnement de Montréal communications director Michel Philibert stated the organization plans to reinforce racks and is testing prototype designs.[94] Designer Michel Dallaire stated it never occurred to him that people would try to break the stations to steal bikes. [63] There have since been no significant damage or vandalism issues reported in any of the installations of Bixi.

In 2012 a legal dispute over software from 8D Technologies led to implementation delays for Chattanooga, New York and San Francisco.[95]

In 2013 it was reported that the Toronto Bixi system was facing financial troubles and would be operated by Toronto Parking Authority in 2014 under a different name. The system had only paid back $600,000 of its $4,500,000 start up loan.[96] The unexpectedly rapid expansion of export business created cash flow problems for the parent company, PBSC Urban Solutions, which attempted to sell its international operations in June.[97]

Effects

edit

A study published in the American Journal of Public Health reports observing:[98]

a greater likelihood of cycling for those exposed to the public bicycle-share program after the second season of implementation (odds ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval = 1.85, 4.42) after we controlled for weather, built environment, and individual variables.

In 2021, a study by Colorado State University in the United-States reported that the usage of bike share systems resulted in a calculated reduction of 4.7 premature deaths, 737 DALYS (disability-adjusted life years) and 36 million dollars (USD) in health economic impacts across the country annually.[99]

See also

edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to PBSC.

References

edit
  1. ^ "PBSC Urban solutions". 21 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Cities love to use our bike-sharing solutions".
  3. ^ "El sistema publico de bicicletas no llegar a Devoto en 2019".
  4. ^ "Comment j'ai implanté un système de vélopartage". 5 March 2018.
  5. ^ "The worldwide bike-sharing system provider".
  6. ^ "Homepage". PBSC Urban Solutions.
  7. ^ Austen, Ian (20 January 2014). "Canadian Company Behind Bike-Sharing Programs Seeks Bankruptcy Protection". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  8. ^ "PBSC". Archived from the original on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
  9. ^ "Bikeshare: Bixi Montreal | Greater Places". greaterplaces.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
  10. ^ a b "Bixi: PBSC Urban Solutions brings bike-sharing to the world (Part 3)". Montreal Gazette. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  11. ^ "Bruno Rodi, PDG de Global B. Rodi inc. - La Presse+". La Presse+ (in Canadian French). 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  12. ^ "Lyft, Inc. completed the acquisition of PBSC Urban Solutions Inc. for approximately $160 million". MarketScreener. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  13. ^ Riga, Andy (17 May 2010). "City insists taxpayers will still come ahead with Bixi". Montreal Gazette. Canwest. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  14. ^ "Bikeshare: Bixi Montreal | Greater Places". 5 August 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Montréal Bike Share Program". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  16. ^ "MONTREAL GETS E-FIT". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  17. ^ "A bicycle built for sharing". Ottawa Citizen. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 13 June 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  18. ^ "First international launch: BIXI's rolling in Melbourne". Montreal.bixi.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  19. ^ "BIXI - News". Montreal.bixi.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  20. ^ "London saddles up for new bike hire scheme". BBC News. 30 July 2010.
  21. ^ "BIXI bike-sharing officially launches in Toronto". www.blogto.com. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  22. ^ "Chattanooga Bike Share Program". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  23. ^ "City's Bike Sharing Program Launches Today". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  24. ^ Ward, Bob. "Bike sharing comes to Aspen". www.aspentimes.com. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  25. ^ "Guadalajara Bike Share Program". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Citi Bike supplier rides into bankruptcy". Crain's New York Business. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  27. ^ "Bixi goes bust in Montreal, files for bankruptcy protection". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  28. ^ "Bixi: PBSC Urban Solutions brings bike-sharing to the world (Part 3)". Montreal Gazette. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  29. ^ "Bike Sharing Company". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  30. ^ "Le vélo québécois Bixi poursuit sa conquête du monde". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  31. ^ "Divvy begins expansion that will bring bike share access to 56% of Chicago residents". Better Bike Share. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  32. ^ "Capital Bikeshare to get new bicycles, add nearly 60 stations starting this fall". washingtonpost.com. 3 August 2015.
  33. ^ "Bike Share Toronto rolls into the big time with major expansion". thestar.com. 5 July 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  34. ^ Staes, Jer (26 April 2017). "Meet MoGo, Detroit's Public Bike Share Program That Will Launch In May". Daily Detroit. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  35. ^ Klayko, Branden (10 May 2017). "LouVelo bike share stations popping up all around town". Broken Sidewalk. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  36. ^ "Bikeshare Hawaii selects PBSC Urban Solutions as partner to supply bikes for Honolulu". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  37. ^ "Bike share program coming to Tucson, AZ Jewish Post". Arizona Jewish Post. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  38. ^ "L'agglomération Valence-Romans s'offre des vélos à la new-yorkaise". ici, par France Bleu et France 3 (in French). 27 October 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  39. ^ "PBSC annonce le lancement prochain du plus grand système de vélopartage en Amérique latine". www.newswire.ca (Press release) (in French). Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  40. ^ "Modern bike-sharing technology to be implemented in São Paulo". Intelligent Transport. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  41. ^ "Une commande de 7000 vélos pour Cycles Devinci à Barcelone". Le Soleil (in French). 29 September 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  42. ^ "Bike-sharing Industry Pioneer PBSC Urban Solutions to Revolutionize Electric Urban Mobility in Barcelona". markets.businessinsider.com. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  43. ^ "Monaco mise sur le vélo électrique en libre-service". France 3 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (in French). Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  44. ^ "PBSC Urban Solutions selected to introduce the most modern bike sharing solution to Buenos Aires and Santiago". www.newswire.ca (Press release). Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  45. ^ "Valence-Romans : le réseau Libélo s'étend dans l'agglomération". ici, par France Bleu et France 3 (in French). 25 October 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  46. ^ PBSC Urban Solutions (2 December 2019). "PBSC PARTNERS WITH CAREEM INDUBAITO LAUNCH FIRST LARGE-SCALE ELECTRIC BIKE-SHARE NETWORK INTHE MIDDLE EAST". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release) (in French). Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  47. ^ PBSC Urban Solutions (18 March 2021). "Pionnier du mouvement vélopartage, PBSC installera ses vélos et sa technologie à Clermont-Ferrand, France". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  48. ^ "Terminalele stațiilor de închirieri biciclete au fost instalate în Piața Mică". www.tribuna.ro. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  49. ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Société-. "Le vélopartage fait son entrée à Québec". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  50. ^ Soares, Roberta (11 October 2021). "Brasília ganha sistema de bicicletas compartilhadas igual ao Bike PE, só que mais barato". JC (in Brazilian Portuguese). Agência Brasil. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  51. ^ "Pittsburgh's bike share rolling out new fleet, including e-bikes". Tribune-Review. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  52. ^ "Bogotá ahora tiene sistema de bicicletas compartidas: ¿Cómo funciona? | Bogota.gov.co". bogota.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  53. ^ "Tembici investe R$ 53 milhões para levar suas bikes compartilhadas para a Colômbia". LABS Português (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  54. ^ "Terminalele stațiilor de închirieri biciclete au fost instalate în Piața Mică". www.tribuna.ro. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  55. ^ "RTA, Careem launch Phase II of bike rental service". mediaoffice.ae. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  56. ^ "E-bikes to be added to TfL's Santander Cycles scheme". Intelligent Transport. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  57. ^ "Lyft to acquire Bixi supplier PBSC Urban Solutions". montrealgazette. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  58. ^ Mc Kenna, Alain (21 November 2008). "La technologie québécoise intéresse les étrangers". La Presse. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  59. ^ Swedberg, Claire (17 July 2008). "Montreal RFID-enabled Bike Project Picks Up Speed". RFID Journal. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  60. ^ Lau, Kathleen (10 November 2008). "Wireless, solar power drives Montreal bike rentals". IT World Canada. ITWC. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  61. ^ Beaulieu, Alain (22 October 2008). "8D: la nouvelle dimension du vélo urbain". Direction informatique. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  62. ^ "Michel Dallaire, pionnier du design industriel d'ici - L'Express". l-express.ca.
  63. ^ a b Halfnight, Andrew (17 August 2009). "Picking the brain of Bixi's inventor". Montreal Gazette. Canwest. Archived from the original on 28 August 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  64. ^ Gagnon, Lysiane (27 November 2009). "Montreal's wheels of fortune". The Globe and Mail.
  65. ^ "ÉTS : Les succès du Centech". Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  66. ^ "Cycles Devinci fait une percée au Brésil". Radio-Canada.ca.
  67. ^ "Dix choses que vous ne saviez (probablement) toujours pas sur BIXI". 9 April 2018.
  68. ^ "BIXI entame sa dixième saison". Le Devoir. 16 April 2018.
  69. ^ "Cities love to use our bike-sharing solutions". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  70. ^ Maduli, McKenna (15 March 2017). "New bikeshare program to be featured at city's Complete Streets Expo". KHON2. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  71. ^ "Bikeshare News: Your Solar-Powered E-bike Awaits". WE-cycle. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  72. ^ Ross Lydall (21 May 2010). "Taking a ride on Boris's hot wheels hire bikes". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
  73. ^ "Bikes + Smart Stations". PBSC Urban Solutions.
  74. ^ "🚴‍♀️ Bike Share Systems : Our Bike Sharing Programs". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  75. ^ "Multimodal Solution to Dock and Charge E-scooters & E-bikes". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  76. ^ Lamontagne, Kathryne. "Chicago à petit prix". Le Journal de Québec. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  77. ^ "Main Divvy app gets big makeover". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  78. ^ "CycleFinder - PBSC Urban Solutions - Discover New Apps". discovernewapps.net. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  79. ^ "Mobile". Bike Share Toronto. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  80. ^ "C.Vélo - Le réseau C.Vélo". C.Vélo (in French). Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  81. ^ Gooch, James. "Masabi and Transit App Partner to Create Integrated Urban Mobility Experience for Transit and Payments". blog.masabi.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  82. ^ "Chattanooga eyeing new bicycle models for bike-share program". timesfreepress.com. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  83. ^ "📱 Bike Sharing Technology". PBSC Urban Solutions. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  84. ^ Yu, Alan (21 January 2014). "Big Bike-Sharing Supplier's Bankruptcy Doesn't Doom U.S. Programs". NPR.org. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  85. ^ "Once bankrupt, Montreal's Bixi can't keep up with global demand". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  86. ^ "Montréal acquiert BIXI". Le Devoir. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  87. ^ Vailles, Francis (10 April 2014). "Bruno Rodi met la main sur Bixi international". La Presse. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  88. ^ "Bixi: PBSC Urban Solutions brings bike-sharing to the world (Part 3)". Montreal Gazette. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  89. ^ Austen, Ian (9 January 2015). "Uphill Push to Save a Bike-Share Pioneer". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  90. ^ "Public Transit in Ottawa: Bixi bike-rental program in Ottawa hits a snag". Transitottawa.ca. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  91. ^ a b "BIXI conquers a third capital: our system in the heart of the capital of Canada in 2011!". bixi.ca. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  92. ^ "Metro Boston Bike Share Program". Metropolitan Area Planning Council. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  93. ^ "Home". Bixisystem.com. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  94. ^ Cameron, Daphné (5 July 2009). "Robuste, le Bixi?". La Presse (in French). Retrieved 12 July 2009.
  95. ^ 8d Technologies Sues Bixi Public Bikeshare, 2012 April 30
  96. ^ "Bixi Toronto is having major financial problems | torontolife.com". Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  97. ^ Could Bixi's Financial Problems Affect Bike-Share in New York, D.C. and Beyond? by Sarah Goodyear, theatlanticcities.com, 7 Oct. 2013
  98. ^ Daniel Fuller; Lise Gauvin; Yan Kestens; Mark Daniel; Michel Fournier; Patrick Morency & Louis Drouin (17 January 2013). "Impact Evaluation of a Public Bicycle Share Program on Cycling: A Case Example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec". American Journal of Public Health. 103 (3): e85–e92. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300917. PMC 3673500. PMID 23327280.
  99. ^ Clockston, Raeven Lynn M.; Rojas-Rueda, David (1 November 2021). "Health impacts of bike-sharing systems in the U.S." Environmental Research. 202: 111709. Bibcode:2021ER....202k1709C. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111709. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 34280419.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBSC_Urban_Solutions&oldid=1236661090"