Puto is a genus of insects described as giant mealybugs, although it is the only extant genus in different family Putoidae; it was originally described by Victor Antoine Signoret in 1875.[1]
| Puto | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Superfamily: | Coccoidea |
| Family: | Putoidae |
| Genus: | Puto Signoret, 1875 |
| Synonyms | |
|
Macrocerococcus Leonardi, 1907 | |
Hosts
editGiant mealybugs occur on a wide range of hosts, each species having its own specific host. Host plants commonly include conifers, grasses and various woody shrubs. All parts of the plant can be infested.[2]
Description
editThe adult female is oval and up to five millimetres long and concealed by tufts of powdery white wax. If the wax is removed, two longitudinal black stripes can be seen on the upper surface of the body and the wax glands are large and conspicuous. The legs and antennae are well developed and a dark colour.[2]
Life cycle
editThere are generally four instars in the female and five in the male. In many species there is a single generation each year and the first instar is the overwintering stage.[2] Puto sandini however takes four years to complete its life cycle.[3]
Species
editThe current scientific consensus appears to be based on the two-subgenus proposal by Gavrilov-Zimin & Danzig;[4] the following species, recorded from the Americas, mainland Europe and SE Asia, are included in BioLib.cz (as separate genera):
Puto subgenus Ceroputo
editAuthority: Šulc, 1897[5]
- Puto (Ceroputo) graminis Danzig, 1972
- Puto (Ceroputo) liquidambaris Zhang & Watson, 2023
- Puto (Ceroputo) mimicus (McKenzie, 1967)
- Puto (Ceroputo) pilosellae Šulc, 1898 ("hairy mealybug")
- Puto (Ceroputo) vaccinii Danzig, 1897
Puto subgenus Puto
editAuthority: Signoret, 1875[6] - list incomplete:
- Puto antennatus Signoret, 1875 ("conifer mealybug")[7]
- Puto acirculus
- Puto albicans
- Puto ambigua
- Puto ambiguus
- Puto antennatus
- Puto antioquensis
- Puto arctostaphyli
- Puto atriplicis
- Puto barberi
- Puto borealis
- Puto brunnitarsis (Signoret, 1875)
- Puto bryanthi
- Puto calcitectus
- Puto californicus
- Puto cupressi
- Puto decorosus
- Puto echinatus
- Puto euphorbiaefolius
- Puto israelensis Ben-Dov, 2001
- Puto janetscheki Balachowsky, 1953
- Puto kosztarabi
- Puto lasiorum
- Puto laticribellum
- Puto mexicanus
- Puto marsicanus Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1993
- Puto mimicus
- Puto nulliporus
- Puto orientalis Danzig, 1978
- Puto pacificus
- Puto palinuri Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1993
- Puto pricei
- Puto profusus
- Puto sandini Washburn, 1965
- Puto simmondsiae
- Puto superbus (Leonardi, 1907)
- Puto yuccae
References
edit- ^ Signoret VA (1875) "Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères - Coccides), 15e partie" Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (serie 5)
- ^ a b c "Family: Putoidae". USDA Agricultural Research Service. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- ^ R. I. Washburn (1965). "Description and bionomics of a new species of Puto from Utah (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 58 (3): 293–297. doi:10.1093/aesa/58.3.293.
- ^ Gavrilov-Zimin IA, Danzig EM (2012) Taxonomic position of the genus Puto Signoret (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) and separation of higher taxa in Coccinea. Zoosystematica Rossica 21(1): 97–111.
- ^ BioLib.cz: Genus Ceroputo Šulc, 1897 (retrieved 16 May 2024)
- ^ BioLib.cz: genus Puto Signoret, 1875 (retrieved 14 May 2024)
- ^ Reyne, A. (1954). "A redescription of Puto antennatus Sign. (Homoptera: Coccidea); with notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Sulc and Macrocerococcus superbus Leon". Zoologische Mededelingen. 32 (24): 291–324. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013.
External links
edit- Images at iNaturalist
Data related to Puto at Wikispecies
