Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County[2] (Chinese: 察布查尔锡伯自治县; pinyin: Chábùchá'ěr Xībó Zìzhìxiàn; Xibe: ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡢᡤᠠ ᠰᡞᠶᠠᠨ, Cabcal Sibe beye dasangga siyan, also transliterated as Chapchal, Uyghur: چاپچال شىبە ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى; Kazakh: شاپشال سىبە اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانى) in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Northern Xinjiang, is the only Xibe autonomous county of China, bordering Kazakhstan's Almaty Region to the west. It has an area of 4,430 square kilometers and a population 160,000 (2000). Qapqal means "the granary" in the Xibe language.
Qapqal County
察布查尔县 • ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡳᠶᠠᠨ چاپچال ناھىيىسى شاپشال اۋدانى | |
|---|---|
| Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County 察布查尔锡伯自治县 ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡢᡤᠠ ᠰᡞᠶᠠᠨ چاپچال شىبە ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى شاپشال سىبە اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانى | |
 "Sibo military colonists", picture drawn during Henry Lansdell visit to today's Qapqal County in 1882 | |
.png) Location of Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County (pink) in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture | |
  Qapqal Location of the seat in Xinjiang  Qapqal Qapqal (Xinjiang)  Qapqal Qapqal (China) | |
| Coordinates (Qapqal County government): 43°50′27″N 81°09′05″E / 43.8407°N 81.1513°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Autonomous prefecture | Ili |
| County seat | Cabcal Town |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,469.36 km2 (1,725.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 157,764 |
| • Density | 35/km2 (91/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST[a]) |
| Website | www |
| Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 察布查尔锡伯自治县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 察布查爾錫伯自治縣 | ||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 宁西县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 寧西縣 | ||||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||||
| Uyghur | چاپچال شىبە ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى | ||||||||
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| Kazakh name | |||||||||
| Kazakh | شاپشال سىبە اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانى Шапшал сібе автономиялық ауданы Şapşal Sıbe avtonomialyq audany | ||||||||
| Xibe name | |||||||||
| Xibe | ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡢᡤᠠ ᠰᡞᠶᠠᠨ Cabcal Sibe beye dasangga siyan | ||||||||
History
editThe Xibe, sent to garrison the area by the Qing dynasty, were divided into eight niru (companies); each niru established a settlement. The settlements are thus simply referred to as "First Niru" through "Eighth Niru", with the exception of the settlement established by the Sixth, which came to be known as Qapqal, thus giving the county its name.[3]
Subdivisions
editQapqal administered 7 towns, 5 townships, and 1 ethnic township.[4]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Xibe | Möllendorff transliteration | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kazakh (Arabic script) | Kazakh (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||||||
| Cabcal Town | 察布查尔镇 | Chábùchá'ěr Zhèn | ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᡪᡝᠨ | cabcal jen | چاپچال بازىرى | chapchal baziri | شاپشال قالاشىعى | Шапшал қалашығы | 654022100 |
| Aisin Šeri Town | 爱新色里镇 | Àixīnsèlǐ Zhèn | ᠠᡞᠰᡞᠨ ᡧᡝᠷᡞ ᡪᡝᠨ | aisin šeri jen | ئايشىن سىرى بازىرى | Ayshin siri baziri | ءايشىنى سىرى قالاشىعى | Әйшіні Сыры қалашығы | 654022101 |
| Sunjaci Niru Town | 孙扎齐牛录镇 | Sūnzhāqíniúlù Zhèn | ᠰᡠᠨᡪᠠᠴᡞ ᠨᡞᠷᡠ ᡪᡝᠨ | sunjaci niru jen | سۇنجاچىنىرۇ بازىرى | sunjachiniru baziri | بەسسۇمىن قالاشىعى | Бессүмін қалашығы | 654022102 |
| Cohor Town | 绰霍尔镇 | Chuòhuò'ěr Zhèn | ᠴᠣᡥᠣᠷ ᡪᡝᠨ | cohor jen | چوقۇر بازىرى | choqur baziri | شوعىر قالاشىعى | Шоғыр қалашығы | 654022103 |
| Jahūstai Town | 加尕斯台镇 | Jiāgǎsītái Zhèn | ᡪᠠᡥᡡᠰᡨᠠᡞ ᡪᡝᠨ | jahūstai jen | جاغىستاي بازىرى | jaghistay baziri | جاعىستاي قالاشىعى | Жағыстай қалашығы | 654022104 |
| Amba Boro Town | 琼博拉镇 | Qióngbólā Zhèn | ᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᡪᡝᠨ | amba boro jen | چوڭ بۇغرا بازىرى | chong bughra baziri | ۇلكەن بۋرا قالاشىعى | Үлкен Бура қалашығы | 654022105 |
| Hainuk Town | 海努克镇 | Hǎinǔkè Zhèn | ᡥᠠᡞᠨᡠᡣ ᡪᡝᠨ | hainuk jen | قاينۇق بازىرى | qaynuq baziri | قاينۇق قالاشىعى | Қайнұқ қалашығы | 654022106 |
| Townships | |||||||||
| Dūici Niru Township | 堆齐牛录乡 | Duīqíniúlù Xiāng | ᡩᡡᡞᠴᡞ ᠨᡞᠷᡠ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ | dūici niru gūsa | دۇيچىنىرۇ يېزىسى | duychiniru yëzisi | ءتورتسۇمىن اۋىلى | Төртсүмін ауылы | 654022200 |
| Nadaci Niru Township | 纳达齐牛录乡 | Nàdáqíniúlù Xiāng | ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠴᡞ ᠨᡞᠷᡠ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ | nadaci niru gūsa | ناداچىنىرۇ يېزىسى | nadachiniru yëzisi | سەگىزسۇمىن اۋىلى | Сегізсүмін ауылы | 654022203 |
| Jakūci Niru Township | 扎库齐牛录乡 | Zhākùqíniúlù Xiāng | ᡪᠠᡣᡡᠴᡞ ᠨᡞᠷᡠ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ | jakūci niru gūsa | جاقۇچىنىرۇ يېزىسى | jaquchiniru yëzisi | جاقۇشنىرۇ اۋىلى | Жақұшнырұ ауылы | 654022204 |
| Kan Township | 坎乡 | Kǎn Xiāng | ᠺᠠᠨ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ | kʹan gūsa | كان يېزىسى | kan yëzisi | كان اۋىلى | Кән ауылы | 654022206 |
| Gohūnci Township | 阔洪奇乡 | Kuòhóngqí Xiāng | ᡤᠣᡥᡡᠨᠴᡞ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ | gohūnci gūsa | قوغۇنچى يېزىسى | qoghunchi yëzisi | قوعۇنچى اۋىلى | Қоғұнчы ауылы | 654022207 |
| Ethnic Townships | |||||||||
| Miliangquan Hui Township | 米粮泉回族乡 | Mǐliángquán huízú xiāng | ᠮᡞ ᠯᡞᠶᠠᡢ ᠴᡞᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᡥᡡᡞᡥᡡᡞ ᡠᡴᠰᡠᡵᠠᡞ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ | mi liyaŋ ciowan hūihūi uksurai gūsa | مىلياڭچۈەن خۇيزۇ يېزىسى | qoghunchi yëzisi | مىلەڭچۇەن حۇيزۋ ۇلتتىق اۋىلى | Мілеңчүен хуйзу ұлттық ауылы | 654022205 |
- 169th Regiment of the XPCC (兵团六十九团) (69-تۇەن مەيدانى) (69-تۋان الاڭىنداعى) (69 ᠴᡞ ᡨᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᡢ)
- Ambanbaq Breeding grounds (安班巴格良繁场) (ئامبانباغ نەسىللىك كۆپەيتىش مەيدانى) (امبانباق سورتتى تۇقىم جەتىلدىرۋ الاڭىنداعى) (ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᡤᡝ ᠰᠠᡞ᠋ᠨ ᡠᠰᡝ ᡫᡠᠰᡝᠮᠪᡠᠷᡝ ᡫᠠᠯᡝᠨ)
- Dolat Port of Entry (都拉塔口岸) (دولات پورتى) (دۋلاتى وتكەلى)
- Ili Prefectural Forestry Field (伊犁州平原林场) (ئىلى ۋىلايەتلىك تۈزلەڭلىك ئورمانچىلىق مەيدانى) (ىلە ايماقتىق ورمان شارۋاشىلىعى الاڭىنداعى)
- Mountain Area Forest Farm (山区林场) (تاغ رايونى ئورمانچىلىق مەيدانى) (تاۋلى ولكەسى ورمان الاڭىنداعى) (ᠠᠯᡞᠨ ᠪᠠᡞ ᠪᡠᡪᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᠷᡝ)
Demographics
edit| Number[3] | Xibe name[3] | Chinese name | % Xibe[3] | % Han[3] | % Other[3] | Population | Number of villages | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uju Niru | 乌珠牛录乡 | 61.8 | 20.9 | 17.3 | |||
| 2 | Jai Niru | 扎依牛录乡 | 72.2 | 15.5 | 12.3 | |||
| 3 | Ilaci Niru | 依拉齐牛录乡 | 73.2 | 12.3 | 14.5 | |||
| 4 | Duici Niru | 堆依齐牛录乡 | 32.9 | 28.4 | 38.7 | |||
| 5 | Sunjaci Niru | 孙扎齐牛录镇 | 38.2 | 15 | 46.8 | 8033 | 4 | [5] |
| 6 | Ningguci Niru or Capcal | 察布查尔镇 | 29 | 32 | 39 | |||
| 7 | Nadaci Niru | 纳达齐牛录乡 | 41.6 | 32 | 24.6 | |||
| 8 | Jakûci Niru | 扎库齐牛录乡 | 72.2 | 15.5 | 12.3 | 13,000 | 5 | [6] |
Climate
edit| Climate data for Qapqal, elevation 603 m (1,978 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
26.5 (79.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
0.1 (32.2) |
17.2 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.2 (15.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
9.7 (49.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
3.6 (38.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.2 (0.72) |
17.7 (0.70) |
14.5 (0.57) |
23.7 (0.93) |
23.3 (0.92) |
22.5 (0.89) |
24.3 (0.96) |
17.3 (0.68) |
11.8 (0.46) |
19.3 (0.76) |
26.5 (1.04) |
22.2 (0.87) |
241.3 (9.5) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.6 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 82.8 |
| Average snowy days | 9.4 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 9.4 | 35 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 69 | 57 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 69 | 78 | 82 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.2 | 162.2 | 227.7 | 257.5 | 304.1 | 310.1 | 327.3 | 310.7 | 269.7 | 222.3 | 143.2 | 123.6 | 2,800.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 54 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 73 | 74 | 67 | 50 | 45 | 62 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Media
edit
The county has one Xibe language newspaper, the Qapqal News. A television station broadcasts a few programmes in Xibe as well each month, with Mandarin, Uyghur and Kazakh language content for the rest of the time.[9]
Notes
edit- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
References
edit- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ Judy Bonavia, Sarah Jessup, Edward Juanteguy (1993). The Silk Road From Xi'an to Kashgar. Passport Books. p. 187. ISBN 9780844299518.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f Stary, Giovanni (2003), "Sibe: An endangered language", in Janse, Mark; Tol, Sijmen; Hendriks, Vincent (eds.), Language death and language maintenance, John Benjamins, pp. 81–89, ISBN 978-90-272-4752-0
- ^ 2022年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：察布查尔锡伯自治县. National Bureau of Statistics of China.
- ^ 察布查尔县孙扎齐乡, Qapqal Online, retrieved 2009-04-15
- ^ 察布查尔县扎库齐牛录乡, Qapqal Online, retrieved 2009-04-15
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 张莉 [Zhang Li] (2007), 新疆锡伯族新闻事业发展现状 [Xinjiang Xibo Peoples' News Undertaking Present Situation], Yili Shi Fan Xue Yuan Xue Bao: She Hui Ke Xue Ban = Journal of Yili Normal University (Social Science Edition) 伊犁师范学院学报 [Journal of Ili Normal University] (1), ISSN 1009-1076, archived from the original on 2011-07-07, retrieved 2009-04-13
External links
edit- County info page, at an Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture info site
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