Qianlong shouhu

Qianlong (meaning "Guizhou Province dragon") is an extinct genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, Q. shouhu, known from partial skeletons of three mature individuals, associated with several eggs, some of which contain embryos. These may represent the oldest leathery eggs currently known.

Qianlong shouhu Temporal range: Early Jurassic,
Reconstructed skeletons of an adult and juvenile (not to scale)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Massopoda
Clade:	†Sauropodiformes
Genus:	†Qianlong
Species:	†Q. shouhu
Binomial name
†Qianlong shouhu Han et al., 2023

Discovery and naming

The Qianlong fossil material was discovered in sediments of the Ziliujing Formation (Zhenzhuchong Member), dated to the Sinemurian age of the Early Jurassic period near Zhuanpo in Pingba District of Anshun City, Guizhou Province, China. The known material includes the holotype (GZPM VN001), two referred skeletons (GZPM VN002, 003), and five clutches of eggs, some of which contain hatchlings (GZPM VN004–008). The incomplete, partially-articulated holotype specimen includes a partial skull and mandible that were found 30 metres (98 ft) away from the postcrania.

In 2023, Han et al. described Qianlong shouhu as a new genus and species of sauropodiform dinosaur based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "Qianlong", combines the Mandarin word 黔 (Qian, a name for Guizhou Province, China), in reference to the type locality, and long (simplified Chinese: 龙; traditional Chinese: 龍), meaning "dragon". The specific name, "shouhu", is derived from the Mandarin word (simplified Chinese: 守护; traditional Chinese: 守護) for "guarding", in reference to the associated adult and embryos fossils.

Description

Photograph and illustration of the holotype skull of Qianlong

Due to the closed neurocentral sutures in the vertebrae of the holotype specimen, Han et al. (2023) suggest that the individual was likely an adult when it died. The preserved eggs are elliptical in shape.

Ontogeny

Egg clutch and embryo-bearing egg of Qianlong

In Qianlong juveniles, the skull, mandible, forelimbs, and shoulder girdles are proportionally larger than the adults, similar to the related sauropodomorphs Massospondylus and Mussaurus.

Classification

Yunnanosaurus, a close relative of Qianlong, compared to a human

Qianlong was added to a phylogenetic analysis and found to be at the base of Sauropodiformes, as the sister taxon to Yunnanosaurus.

Sauropodiformes	Xingxiulong Chuxiongosaurus Jingshanosaurus Qianlong Yunnanosaurus Anchisaurus Aardonyx Sefapanosaurus Mussaurus Yizhousaurus Melanorosaurus Camelotia Meroktenos Kholumolumo Ledumahadi Lessemsaurus Antetonitrus Ingentia Gongxianosaurus Pulanesaura Schleitheimia Isanosaurus Sauropoda