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Qiongshan District, alternately romanized as Kiungshan, is a district in Haikou City, Hainan.
Qiongshan
琼山区 Kiungshan; Chiungshan | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Qiongshan Location in Hainan | |
| Coordinates: 20°00′12″N 110°21′14″E / 20.0032°N 110.3540°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hainan |
| Prefecture-level city | Haikou |
| Area | |
| • Total | 928.62 km2 (358.54 sq mi) |
| Population (2002) | |
| • Total | 360,000 |
| • Density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China standard time) |
| Qiongshan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 琼山 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 瓊山 | ||||||||
| Postal | Kiungshan | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Jade Mountain | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Former names | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qiongzhou | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 瓊州 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 琼州 | ||||||||
| Postal | Kiungchow | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Jade Prefecture | ||||||||
| |||||||||
History
editAs Qiongzhou, formerly romanized as Kiungchow,[a] the district was formerly a separate city which served as the center of Chinese administration on Hainan Island when it formed a part of Guangdong Province.[1]
The British Consulate in Kiungchow was opened in April 1876, as a result of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858.[2]
Geography
editDongzhai Port Nature Reserve is located in the district and has an area of 2,500 hectares (6,200 acres). It includes six rivers, an irregular coastline, and a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The mangrove forest on the south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife.[3]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Qiongshan District (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.6 (79.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
28.4 (83.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.8 (76.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.4 (72.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.1 (1.11) |
32.3 (1.27) |
43.6 (1.72) |
96.6 (3.80) |
208.0 (8.19) |
251.0 (9.88) |
243.3 (9.58) |
302.7 (11.92) |
284.7 (11.21) |
263.3 (10.37) |
63.7 (2.51) |
42.4 (1.67) |
1,859.7 (73.23) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.1 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 11.1 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 146.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 92.3 | 96.9 | 130.9 | 165.2 | 215.5 | 217.6 | 238.3 | 215.7 | 181.5 | 171.7 | 128.3 | 98.8 | 1,952.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 27 | 30 | 35 | 44 | 53 | 55 | 59 | 55 | 50 | 48 | 39 | 29 | 44 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editMandarin is the official language of administration and education, but locals also speak Haikou dialect of Hainanese (a Min language), while other ethnic groups also speak the Qiongshan dialect of Lingao.
See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
- ^ Nield, Robert. “China’s Southernmost Treaty Port.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 52, Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, 2012, pp. 67. "But the first steps in opening the port had been taken and in 1876 a British consul was sent, the port being declared open on 1 April that year. Quite prudently, one of his first actions was to agree that there should be no settlement or concession yet; he chose instead to wait and see. Moreover, even though Kiungchow had no shops to speak of, there was a fair amount of trade being conducted by local merchants and it was not clear where the foreigners would fit in."
- ^ "Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
External links
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