Queen Sinui (Korean: 신의왕후 한씨; Hanja: 神懿王后 韓氏; 6 October 1337 – 25 November 1391),[a] of the Cheongju Han clan, was the first wife of Yi Seong-gye (future King Taejo of Joseon). She was the mother of King Jeongjong and King Taejong.
| Queen Sinui 신의왕후 神懿王后 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen of Joseon (posthumously) Empress of Korea (posthumously) | |||||
| Born | 6 October 1337 Ssangseong Prefecture, Great Yuan | ||||
| Died | 25 November 1391 (aged 54) Yi Seong-gye's Mansion, Dongbuk-myeon, Goryeo | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue |
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| Clan |
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| Dynasty | House of Yi (by marriage) | ||||
| Father | Han Gyeong | ||||
| Mother | Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan | ||||
| Religion | Korean Buddhism | ||||
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 신의왕후 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Sinui Wanghu |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sin'ui Wanghu |
She was firstly given the title of Consort Jeol (절비; 節妃) in 1393. After her second son (Yi Bang-gwa) became king, she was posthumously honored as Queen Sinui (신의왕후; 神懿王后). In 1899, after the founding of the Korean Empire, she was elevated as Sinui, the Dignified Empress (신의고황후; 神懿高皇后).[4]
Biography
editEarly life
editThe future Queen Sinui was born during King Chungsuk of Goryeo's 5th year of reign on 6 October 1337.[5] Born into the Cheongju Han clan, Lady Han was the fifth child within ten siblings to Han Gyeong and his wife, Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan.
In some sources, she is noted as a member of the Anbyeon Han clan, which was founded by Han Ryeon (한련; 韓漣), a ninth-generation descendant of Han Ran (한란; 韓蘭), the progenitor of the Cheongju Han clan.
Marriage and later life
editIn 1351, when she was 15 years old, she was arranged to marry Yi Seong-gye who was 2 years older than her. She later gave birth to 6 sons and 2 daughters from 1354 to 1370s. While Yi Seong-gye (later Yi Dan) was traveling through the battlefield, Lady Han took care of the household affairs in his hometown and helped out.
During the Goryeo Dynasty, aristocratic men were allowed two wives; one wife was known as the Gyeongcheo (경처), the capital wife, while the other wife was known as the Hyangcheo (향처), the countryside wife. In Gaegyeong (modern-day Kaeseong), Yi Seong-gye welcomed Lady Kang, a daughter of Kang Yun-seong, from the noble Goksan Kang clan, as his second, Gyeongcheo, wife. Lady Kang would later become Queen Hyeon.
In 1388, during the 14th year of King U of Goryeo's reign, Lady Han stayed in Jaebyeok-dong, Pocheon, and fled back to Dongbuk-myeon with her children and remaining family under the guidance of her fifth son Yi Bang-won.[6] This eventually led her to be concerned about the threat of her life and she later passed away on 4 September 1391 at the age of 54. Her tomb is called Jeneung and is located in present-day Kaesong, North Korea.
Aftermath
editA year after Lady Han's death, her husband established the Joseon period; thus having her husband become king and her children become princes and princesses.
During King Taejo's 2nd year of reign in 1393, she was posthumously given the title of Queen Jeol (절비, 節妃; Jeolbi meaning Faithful Consort). In 1398, during the first year of reign of her second eldest son, King Jeongjong, Lady Han was honored as Queen Sinui (신의왕후; 神懿王后).
After the death of Queen Hyeon in 1396, Queen Shinui's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, eventually led a coup d'etat with his wife, Princess Jeongnyeong's encouragement, while King Taejo was in mourning for his second wife. This event led to the deaths of Jeong Do-jeon and his supporters, as well as the late Queen Sindeok's two sons: Yi Bang-beon, Grand Prince Muan and Yi Bang-seok, Grand Prince Uian. This incident became known as the First Strife of Princes.
Family
edit- Father: Han Gyeong, Internal Prince Ancheon (한경 안천부원군; 韓卿 安川府院君; 1300–?)
- Mother: Grand Lady of Samhan State of the Saknyeong Shin clan (삼한국대부인 삭녕 신씨; 三韓國大夫人 朔寧 申氏; 1303–?)
- Sibling(s):
- Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1322–?)
- Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1326–?)
- Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1328–?)
- Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1330–?)
- Younger brother: Han Seong-gi, Prince Ansan (안산군 한성기; 安山君 韓成己; 1380–?)
- Younger brother: Han Geom, Duke Yangjeong, Prince Ancheon (양정공 안천군 한검; 良精公 安川君 韓劍; 1387–1433)
- Younger brother: Han Chang-su, Duke Yangjeong, Prince Anwon (양정공 안원군 한창수; 1391–1440)
- Younger brother: Han Geum-gang (한금강; 韓金剛; 1389–1433)
- Younger brother: Han Yung-jeon (한융전; 韓隆田; 1393–1442)
- Husband: Yi Seong-gye, King Taejo of Joseon (조선 태조 이성계; 27 October 1335 – 18 June 1408)
- Father-in-law: King Hwanjo of Joseon (환조대왕; 20 January 1315 – 3 June 1361)
- Mother-in-law: Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choe clan (의혜왕후 최씨; 1304–?)
Issue(s):
- Son: Yi Bang-woo, Grand Prince Jinan (진안대군 이방우; 1354 – 15 January 1394)
- Son: Yi Bang-gwa, Grand Prince Yeongan (영안대군 이방과; 18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419)
- Son: Yi Bang-ui, Grand Prince Ikan (익안대군 이방의; 1360 – 26 September 1404)
- Daughter: Princess Gyeongsin (경신공주; 1362 – 29 April 1426)
- Son: Yi Bang-gan, Grand Prince Hoean (회안대군 이방간; 2 July 1364 – 10 April 1421)
- Son: Yi Bang-won, Grand Prince Jeongan (정안대군 이방원; 13 June 1367 – 30 May 1422)
- Son: Yi Bang-yeon, Grand Prince Deokan (덕안대군 이방연; 1370–1385)
- Daughter: Princess Gyeongseon (경선공주; 1372–?)
In popular culture
edit- Portrayed by Tae Hyun-shil in the 1983 KBS TV series Foundation of the Kingdom.
- Portrayed by Kim So-won in the 1983 MBC TV series The King of Chudong Palace.
- Portrayed by Han Young-Sook in the 1996 KBS TV series Tears of the Dragon.
- Portrayed by Lee Duk-hee in the 2021 KBS1 TV series The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won.
Notes
edit- ^ In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), the Queen was born on 4 September 1337 and died on 23 September 1391.
References
edit- ^ 《태종실록》 16권, 태종 8년(1408년 명 영락(永樂) 6년) 9월 6일 (신해)
- ^ 《숙종실록》 14권, 숙종 9년(1683년 청 강희(康熙) 22년) 6월 12일 (계미)
- ^ 《고종실록》 39권, 고종 36년(1899년 대한 광무(光武) 3년) 12월 7일 (양력)
- ^ 박, 천식, 신의왕후 (神懿王后), Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-03-26
- ^ The Annals of Sunjo, Volume 27, 24th year of Sunjo (1824, 4th year of Dogwang, Qing) October 19th (uninhabited)
- ^ 《태조실록》 1권, 총서 89번째기사 (Translation: 《The Annals of King Taejo》 Volume 1, the 89th article in the series)