Rio Abajo State Forest is a forest preserve in Puerto Rico owned by the Department of Natural Resources and one of the 20 state forests in the island. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980 and constitutes an area of 3,590 acres. It consists mostly of subtropical wet and moist karst forest. Mogotes and sinkholes fill the landscape.[1][2] The forest preserve is located in the municipalities of Arecibo and Utuado. In addition to its ecological value the forest also contains a number of archaeological sites.[3]
| Río Abajo State Forest Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Río Abajo | |
|---|---|
.jpg) View of Rio Abajo in Utuado | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Arecibo, Utuado |
| Coordinates | 18°20′23″N 66°41′59″W / 18.33972°N 66.69972°W |
| Elevation | 1,391 feet (424 m) |
| Area | 3,486 cuerdas (3,386 acres) |
| Administration | |
| Status | Public, Commonwealth |
| Governing body | Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA) |
| Website | www |
| Ecology | |
| WWF Classification | Puerto Rican moist forests |
| Designated | 1980 |
History
editMuch of the development within the forest area was made by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) during the 20th century. The forest preserve was one of the five designated forests designated in 1943 by the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration (Spanish: Administración de Reconstrucción de Puerto Rico) to preserve the remaining forested areas in the island. This forest also protects a large portion of the Arecibo River hydrological basin.[3] The remains of the lumber roads cut by the loggers and CCC workers have now become trails.[4] Due to its value as an ideal representation of the karstic ecosystems in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, the state forest was designated a National Natural Landmark by the United States Department of Interior in 1980.[5]
Geography
editRío Abajo State Forest is located on rugged karstic terrain in north-central Puerto Rico, between the municipalities of Arecibo (Hato Viejo and Río Arriba) and Utuado (Caguana and Río Abajo).
Geology
editThe forest preserve is part of the Montebello karst, part of the Cibao formation in the Northern karst zone of Puerto Rico and its most prominent landforms are mogotes, distinctive steep eroded hills composed of limestone. Caves, canyons, mesas, sinkholes and ravines are also very common in this type of geology and can be encountered within the forest limits. This is the only place in Puerto Rico where the great Eocene-Oligocene unconformity can be clearly seen.[5]
Ecology and conservation
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The forest is home to wildlife that include endangered species such as the Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus brunnescens), the Puerto Rican boa (Chilabothrus inornatus), and a captive population of critically endangered Puerto Rican parrots (Amazona vittata). Captive parrots are slowly being released into Rio Abajo in an attempt to form a second population.[3][6]
Flora
editThe forest is home to more than 175 species of trees, out of which about 47 species are considered endangered or threatened. Some of the most common plant species are the ceiba or kapok (Ceiba pentandra), algarrobo (Samanea saman), jobo (Spondias mombin), maga (Thespesia grandiflora), tabaiba (Sapium laurocerasus), cohoba (Cojoba arborea), and white fiddlewood (Vitex divaricata). The forest is also home to one of the four remaining populations of Daphnopsis hellerana, which only grows on limestone, erubia (Solanum drymophilum), palo de rosa (Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon), and the critically endangered nigua (Cornutia obovata).[3]
Fauna
editMore than 34 species of birds have been documented in the forest. It is also a key protected habitat to the endangered Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) and a number of 60 individuals is estimated to live in the area. Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) populations have been re-introduced into the forest since 1983 as part of a conservation program by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The forest is also home to the José Luis Vivaldi Lugo Aviary, dedicated to the breeding of the endangered Puerto Rican parrot for the purpose of developing a healthy population in the area; 43 individuals have been released into the wild as of 2007.[3][7][8]
Recreation
editThe reserve has a reputation for being a great camping spot (reservations required) and it offers visitors as many as 70 different walking trails that will better enable visitors to observe as much of the plant and bird life in the area as possible.[9] Some of the trails are the Frank H. Wadsworth trail,[10] Visitors Center trail, the Cueva del Agua trail, and the Tanamá River trail.[4] Given the karstic topography of the area, the state forest also has a number of caves such as Cueva del Agua and Cueva Alta.[11][12]
The state forest is also close to other landmarks and attractions such as Cueva Ventana and Dos Bocas Lake.[13]
See also
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References
edit- ^ "National Registry of Natural Landmarks". National Park Service.
- ^ "Puerto Rico - Nature and Scientific Wonders". Smithsonian. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. November 6, 2007. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e "EL Bosque Estatal de Río Abajo" (PDF). drna.gobierno.pr (in Spanish). P.R. Department of Resources. December 1, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Bosque Estatal de Río Abajo | Puerto Rico Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ a b "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ "Celebran la liberación de 10 cotorras puertorriqueñas a estado silvestre en el Bosque Estatal de Río Abajo". drna.pr.gov. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ "View of News of the Rio Abajo Aviary for Puerto Rican Parrot". Journal of Caribbean Ornithology. Retrieved July 23, 2022.
- ^ "Iguaca Aviary Techniques used in the Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program" (PDF). US Fish & Wildlife Services. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ "Río Abajo Forest Reserve (Bosque Estatal de Río Abajo ) | NatureFind". Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ "Los beneficios de hacer senderismo en un bosque". Atabey (in Spanish). June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Hiking and Exploring Cueva Alta in Río Abajo Forest". www.puertoricodaytrips.com. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ "Río Abajo State Forest, Utuado, Puerto Rico | Top 10 Puerto Rico". 2019-10-28. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ "Río Abajo State Forest". Discover Puerto Rico. Retrieved 2021-12-14.