RC Rickmers was a German five-masted steel clipper barque with auxiliary engine built in 1906 by the firm Rickmers Rice Mill, Freight and Shipbuilding Company (Rickmers Reismühlen Rhederei and Schiffbau A.G., simple known as Rickmers A.G.) of Bremerhaven, Germany for the company's Rickmers Line.[1] She was the largest sailing ship in the world from 1907 (sinking of Thomas W. Lawson) to 1911 (launching of France II)[2][failed verification] and the second German five-masted barque.
 Painting of R. C. Rickmers by C.M. Knight-Smith, c. 1906
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 German Empire | |
| Name | R. C. Rickmers |
| Owner | 1906-1914, Rickmers Rice Mill, Freight and Shipbuilding Company |
| Operator | Rickmers Line |
| Launched | 8 February 1906 |
| Maiden voyage | Bremen to Saigon and Bangkok |
| Fate | Seized by the British in August 1914 |
| History | |
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Neath |
| Owner | 1914-1917, British owner |
| Fate | Sunk by the German submarine U-66 off the coast of Ireland on 27 March 1917 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | five-masted steel clipper barque with auxiliary steam engine |
| Tonnage | 5,548 tons |
| Displacement | 11,360 tons (on her maximum draft) |
| Length | 441 feet |
| Beam | 53 feet 8 inches |
| Draft | 26 feet 9 inches when fully loaded |
| Depth | 32 feet |
| Propulsion | Sail and steam |
| Sail plan | 38 (40) sails on 5 masts |
| Speed | Sail: 13-14 knots; Steam: 8 knots |
| Crew | ~45 men |
Rickmers A.G.
editRickmers shipyard was founded by R. C. Rickmers in 1839. In the beginning of the 20th century the shipyard employed some 650 personnel and built several extraordinary large sailing vessels for its parent company's rice trade.[citation needed]
The largest sailing vessel in the world
editR. C. Rickmers was built in 1906 and was the largest ship in the world from 1907, when Thomas W. Lawson sunk and until 1911, when France II was launched.[citation needed] Her captain was August Walsen. She arrived at New York in the fall of 1906 on her maiden voyage from Bremen to Saigon and Bangkok through Cape Horn. Scientific American hosted a featured story about R. C. Rickmers in its October 1906 issue.[2]
Under the sails R. C. Rickmers was able to sail at about 13 to 14 knots with the maximum speed of 17 knots. While using the steam engine she could have been driven at 8 knots without a load and 6 to 7 knots with a cargo.[2]
Voyages
editIn the first two and half years in trade she sailed 100,000 miles.[3]
She completed multiple voyages around the world:[citation needed]
- East Asia (Singapore, Kobe and Hiogo, Japan, Saigon on her maiden voyage)
- Far East (Vladivostok)
- U.S. west coast (San Francisco, Los Angeles and Portland, Oregon)
- Australia (New South Wales) and to South America (Chile)
In 1912 and 1913 she made two major trips:[citation needed]
- Cardiff - Philadelphia - Cape of Good Hope - Kobe, Japan - Portland, Oregon - Antwerp
- Cardiff - Philadelphia - Cape of Good Hope - Japan - Vladivostok - Indian Ocean - Hull
Russian Tsar Nicholas II visited the ship during her stay in Vladivostok .[citation needed]
Fate
editAt the onset of World War I, in August 1914, R. C. Rickmers was seized by the British Admiralty as a war prize at Cardiff. She was renamed Neath and placed on cargo trade.[4]
On 27 March 1917, while under the British flag returning from Mauritius to Le Havre with a cargo of sugar, Neath was sunk by the German submarine U-66 off the coast of Ireland. All of her crew survived, with the ship's captain being taken prisoner by U-66.[5][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Mason, Herbert B. (1908). Encyclopaedia of ships and shipping. The Shipping Encyclopaedia. p. 532.
- ^ a b c Scientific American Volume 95 Number 14 (October 1906)
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Scientific American Volume 100 Number 04 (January 1909)
- ^ Marijan Žuvić, The Never Ending Story of Training Ships, 2012
- ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 34 1933, p. 305
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Neath". uboat.net. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- Monograph No. 34: Home Waters Part VIII: December 1916 to April 1917 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XVIII. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1933.