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Royal Air Force Castletown or more simply RAF Castletown, is a former Royal Air Force satellite station that operated during the Second World War. Built near to Castletown in Caithness, Scotland the station opened in 1940 and closed in 1945. Initially built to provide a base for fighter cover for the Royal Navy base at Scapa Flow, it later became an air-sea rescue base as well, before closing just after the end of the war in Europe.
RAF Castletown | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castletown, Caithness in Scotland | |||||||||||
  RAF Castletown Shown within Caithness  RAF Castletown RAF Castletown (the United Kingdom) | |||||||||||
| Coordinates | 58°34′58″N 003°20′27″W / 58.58278°N 3.34083°W | ||||||||||
| Type | Royal Air Force satellite station | ||||||||||
| Code | AX[1] | ||||||||||
| Site information | |||||||||||
| Owner | Air Ministry | ||||||||||
| Operator | Royal Air Force | ||||||||||
| Controlled by | RAF Fighter Command * No. 13 Group RAF * No. 14 Group RAF[1] | ||||||||||
| Site history | |||||||||||
| Built | 1939/40 | ||||||||||
| In use | May 1940 – 1945 | ||||||||||
| Battles/wars | European theatre of World War II | ||||||||||
| Events | Battle of Britain & Defence of Scapa Flow | ||||||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||||||
| Elevation | 27 metres (89 ft)[1] AMSL | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Air defence of Scapa Flow in 1939
editAt the outbreak of war, the only base available for local air defence of the hugely important Royal navy base at Scapa Flow was the naval airfield, RNAS Hatston. Hatston had no permanent aircraft allocation and was used by the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) squadrons from the Home fleet aircraft carriers when they were at Scapa Flow.[2] There were no RAF stations nearby and the Air Ministry took immediate steps to remedy this by requisitioning Wick Airport which became RAF Wick and by the end of September 1939 Blackburn Skua aircraft of 803 Squadron FAA were patrolling over Scapa. At the same time a site was sought for a second airfield. A site was chosen at Thurdistoft near Castletown and work began immediately on the construction of a new station, RAF Castletown.[3]
Operational history
editCastletown officially opened on 28 May 1940[3] as a satellite of RAF Wick.[4] Wick was then a station in 18 Group, Coastal Command[2] though also serving as a sector headquarters for 13 Group in Fighter Command. On 7 June 1940, Castletown ceased to be a satellite of Wick and became an operational station of 13 Group. The new station itself had its own satellite at RAF Skitten, which opened in December 1940.[5]
The first aircraft, Hawker Hurricanes of 504 Squadron, arrived on 9 June 1940. Throughout the Battle of Britain Castletown provided air cover for Scapa with 504 Squadron being replaced by 3 Squadron and later 232 Squadron.[6] From September to October 1940, also 808 FAA Squadron, flying Fairey Fulmars, operated there, as one of only two FAA squadrons taking part in the Battle of Britain.[7]
After the Battle of Britain, the threat of invasion receded but attacks on Scapa continued. In 1941 124 Squadron was formed at Castletown to provide convoy and coastal patrols.[8] This activity continued until 1944 when the last squadron (by coincidence 504 Squadron) left and the station began to be wound down. The last known aircraft to visit the station was a Sikorsky Hoverfly helicopter of 771 Squadron FAA in March 1945[9] and the station closed soon after.[9]
As fighter activity decreased Castletown became a base for air-sea rescue duties with 282 Squadron being raised specifically for this purpose at Castletown in 1943.[10] 282 Squadron was replaced by 278 Squadron in 1944.[citation needed]
Ground defence of the station was initially provided by army units but from 1942 onwards No. 2816 Squadron RAF Regiment fulfilled these duties.[11]
Squadrons based at station
edit| Sqn | Aircraft | From | Arrived | Departed | To | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 RCAF | 1940 | 1941 | [1] | |||
| 3 | Hawker Hurricane I | RAF Wick RAF Turnhouse RAF Skaebrae |
3 September 1940 13 October 1940 10 February 1941 |
14 September 1940 7 January 1941 3 April 1941 |
RAF Turnhouse RAF Skaebrae RAF Martlesham Heath |
[12] |
| 17 | Hurricane IIA/I | RAF Martlesham Heath | 5 April 1941 | 16 June 1941 | RAF Elgin | Detachments at RAF Elgin & RAF Sumburgh.[13] |
| 54 | Supermarine Spitfire VB/IIB | RAF Hornchurch | 17 November 1941 | 2 June 1942 | RAF Wellingore | [14] |
| 66 | Spitfire LF IXB | RAF Bognor | 8 May 1944 | 14 May 1944 | RAF Bognor | [15] |
| 118 | Spitfire VI | RAF Peterhead | 19 October 1943 | 20 January 1944 | RAF Detling | Det at RAF Peterhead.[16] |
| 123 | Spitfire I/IIA/VB | RAF Drem | 22 September 1941 | 11 April 1942 | en route Egypt | Det at RAF Tain.[17] |
| 124 | Spitfire I/IIB/VA/VB | Reformed here | 10 May 1941 | 17 November 1941 | RAF Biggin Hill | Reformed here.[17] |
| 131 | Spitfire VB/VC | RAF Westhampnett | 22 January 1943 | 26 June 1943 | RAF Exeter | [18] |
| 132 | Spitfire IXB/VB/VI | RAF Detling | 17 January 1944 | 10 March 1944 | RAF Detling | [18] |
| 167 | Spitfire VB | RAF Scorton | 1 June 1942 | 14 October 1942 | RAF Ludham | Det at RAF Peterhead.[19] |
| 213 | Hurricane I | RAF Driffield | 18 February 1941 | 11 May 1941 | en route Egypt via HMS Furious | [20] |
| 232 | Hurricane I | RAF Sumburgh | 18 September 1940 | 13 October 1940 | RAF Skitten | [21] |
| 260 | Hurricane I | Reformed here RAF Skitten |
22 November 1940 7 January 1941 |
5 December 1940 10 February 1941 |
RAF Skitten | [22] |
| 278 | Westland Lysander IIA Supermarine Walrus |
RAF Matlask | 21 April 1942 | February | RAF Shoreham | As a detachment from RAF Coltishall.[23] |
| 282 | Walrus Avro Anson I |
Formed here | 1 January 1943 | 12 January 1944 | Disbanded | Dets at RAF Peterhead, RAF Drem and RAF Ayr.[24] |
| 310 | Spitfire VA/VB/VI | RAF Exeter | 26 June 1943 | 19 September 1943 | RAF Ibsley | Det at RAF Sumburgh.[25] |
| 331 | Hurricane I/IIB | RAF Catterick | 21 August 1941 | 21 September 1941 | RAF Skaebrae | [26] |
| 404 RCAF | Bristol Blenheim IVF | RAF Thorney Island | 20 June 1941 | 27 July 1941 | RAF Skitten | [27] |
| 504 | Hurricane I Spitfire VB/VC/VI Spitfire IXB/VB |
RAF Wick RAF Redhill RAF Hornchurch |
21 June 1940 19 September 1943 10 March 1944 |
2 September 1940 18 October 1943 30 April 1944 |
RAF Catterick RAF Peterhead RAF Digby |
Full strength.[28] Det at Sumburgh.[28] Full strength.[28] |
| 607 | Hurricane I | RAF Skitten | 27 July 1941 | 20 August 1941 | RAF Skitten | [29] |
| 610 | Spitfire VB/VC | RAF Ludham | 15 October 1942 | 20 January 1943 | RAF Westhampnett | [29] |
| 808 FAA | Fulmar I | RNAS Worthy Down | 5 September 1940 | 2 October 1940 | RNAS Donibristle | [7] |
The following RAF Regiment units were here at some point:[30]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c d Falconer 2012, p. 61.
- ^ a b Myers, P. "Air Operations RAF Wick". Caithness.org. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ a b Castletown Recalls p. 3.
- ^ Guttridge, Andrew (2002). "WW2 Defences in Caithness Part 2, Air Defences". Caithness Field Club Bulletin. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
- ^ Falconer 2012, p. 178.
- ^ Wood, Derek & Dempster, Derek (1967) [1961]. The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the rise of air power 1930–1940 (2nd ed.). London: Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-09-002160-4.
- ^ a b Bussy, Geoffrey: Fairey Fulmar. Hall Park Books, Warpaint Series. No.41. p. 8
- ^ "History of No. 124 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
- ^ a b Castletown Recalls p. 11.
- ^ "282 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
- ^ Castletown Recalls p. 13.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 24.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 30.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 42.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 45.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 57.
- ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 58.
- ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 59.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 64.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 71.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 74.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 80.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 82.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 83.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 85.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 87.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 89.
- ^ a b c Jefford 1988, p. 95.
- ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 99.
- ^ "Castletown". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
Bibliography
edit- Andrew Guttridge, ed. (2005). Castletown Recalls 1939–1945 (PDF). Castletown Heritage Society. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- Falconer, J (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.
- Jefford, C G (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
