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R. K. Laxman

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Not to be confused with K. Laxman.
In this Indian name, the name Rasipuram Krishnaswami is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Laxman.

Rasipuram Krishnaswami Laxman[1] (24 October 1921 – 26 January 2015) was an Indian cartoonist, illustrator, and humorist.[2] He was best known for his creation The Common Man and for his daily cartoon strip, You Said It in The Times of India, which started in 1951.[3]

R.K. Laxman
Born
Rasipuram Krishnaswami Laxman

(1921-10-24)24 October 1921
Mysore, Kingdom of Mysore, British India (present-day Mysuru, Karnataka, India)
Died26 January 2015(2015-01-26) (aged 93)
Pune, Maharashtra, India
NationalityIndian
Occupation(s)Cartoonist, illustrator
Known forCommon Man
Spouses
RelativesR. K. Narayan (brother)
AwardsPadma Bhushan
Padma Vibhushan
Ramon Magsaysay Award
Websitehttp://rklaxman.com/
Signature

R. K. Laxman started his career as a part-time cartoonist, working mostly for local newspapers and magazines. While as a college student, he illustrated his older brother R. K. Narayan's stories in The Hindu.[4] His first full-time job was as a political cartoonist for The Free Press Journal in Mumbai. Later, he joined The Times of India, and became famous for The Common Man character, which turned out to be the turning point in Laxman's life.

Birth and childhood

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R. K. Laxman was born in Mysore in 1921 in a Tamil[citation needed] Hindu family.[5][6] His father was a headmaster and Laxman was the youngest of eight children: six sons and two daughters.[7][8] His elder brother was novelist R.K. Narayan. Laxman was known as "Pied Piper of Delhi".[9]

Laxman was fascinated by the illustrations in magazines such as The Strand, Punch, Bystander, Wide World and Tit-Bits, before he had even begun to read.[10] Soon he was drawing on his own, on the floors, walls and doors of his house and doodling caricatures of his teachers at school; praised by a teacher for his drawing of a peepal leaf, he began to think of himself as an artist in the making.[11] Another early influence on Laxman was the work of the British cartoonist, Sir David Low (whose signature he misread as "cow" for a long time) that appeared now and then in The Hindu.[12] Laxman notes in his autobiography, The Tunnel of Time:

I drew objects that caught my eye outside the window of my room – the dry twigs, leaves and lizard-like creatures crawling about, the servant chopping firewood and, of course, and number of crows in various postures on the rooftops of the buildings opposite

— R. K. Laxman[13]

Laxman was the captain of his local "Rough and Tough and Jolly" cricket team and his antics inspired the stories "Dodu the Money Maker" and "The Regal Cricket Club" written by his brother, Narayan.[14] Laxman's idyllic childhood was shaken for a while when his father suffered a paralytic stroke and died around a year later, but the elders at home bore most of the increased responsibility, while Laxman continued with his schooling.[15]

After high school Maharaja's Govt. High School, Mysore, Laxman applied to the Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art hoping to concentrate on his lifelong interests of drawing and painting, but the dean of the school wrote to him that his drawings lacked "the kind of talent to qualify for enrolment in our institution as a student", and refused admission.[16] He finally graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Mysore. In the meantime he continued his freelance artistic activities and contributed cartoons to Swarajya and an animated film based on the mythological character Narada.[17]

Career

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Beginning

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R. K. Laxman with his creation, The Common Man

R.K Laxman's earliest work was for newspapers Rohan and magazines including Swarajya and Blitz. While still at the Maharaja College of Mysore, he began to illustrate his elder brother R. K. Narayan's stories in The Hindu, and he drew political cartoons for the local newspapers and for the Swatantra. Laxman also drew cartoons for the Kannada humour magazine, Koravanji which was founded in 1942 by M. Shivaram who had a clinic in the Majestic area of Bangalore. He started this monthly magazine, dedicating it to humorous and satirical articles and cartoons. Shivaram himself was an eminent humourist in Kannada. He encouraged Laxman. Laxman held a summer job at the Gemini Studios, Madras. His first full-time job was as a political cartoonist for The Free Press Journal in Mumbai, where Bal Thackeray was his cartoonist colleague. In 1951, Laxman joined The Times of India, Mumbai, beginning a career that spanned over fifty years.[18] His "Common Man" character, featured in his pocket cartoons, is portrayed as a witness to the making of democracy.[19] Anthropologist Ritu G. Khanduri notes, "R. K. Laxman structures his cartoon-news through a plot about corruption and a set of characters. This news is visualized and circulates through the recurring figures of the mantri (minister), the Common Man and the trope of modernity symbolized by the airplane (2012: 304)."[20]

Other creations

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Laxman also created a popular mascot for the Asian Paints Ltd group called "Gattu" in 1954.[21][22] He also wrote a few novels, the first one of which was titled The Hotel Riviera.[23] His cartoons have appeared in Hindi films such as Mr. & Mrs. '55 and a Tamil film Kamaraj. His creations also include the sketches drawn for the television adaptation of Malgudi Days[24] which was written by his elder brother R. K. Narayan, directed by Shankar Nag, and a Konkan coast based Hindi sitcom, Wagle Ki Duniya. Laxman also drew caricatures of David Low, T. S. Eliot, Dr. Rajkumar, Bertrand Russell, J. B. Priestley and Graham Greene.[23]

Personal life

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Laxman was first married to Kumari Kamala, a Bharatanatyam dancer and film actress who began her film career as a child actress named "Baby Kamala" and graduated into adult roles under the name "Kumari Kamala" ("Miss Kamala"). They had no children and after their divorce in 1960 Laxman married his niece whose first name was again Kamala. She was the author and children's book writer- Kamala Laxman.[25] In a cartoon series named "The star I never met" in film magazine Filmfare he painted a cartoon of Kamala Laxman, with the title "The star I only met!" The couple's son Srinivas Laxman is a Mumbai-based freelance space journalist who has contributed regularly to The Times of India.[26][27]

In September 2003, Laxman suffered a stroke that left him paralysed on his left side. He recovered from it partially.[citation needed] On the evening of 20 June 2010, Laxman was admitted to Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai after being transported by an air ambulance from Pune.[28]

Death

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A tribute to the late R. K. Laxman by cartoonist Shekhar Gurera
 
R. K. Laxman receives the Padma Vibhushan award from the President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in New Delhi on March 28, 2005

Laxman died in Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital in Pune on India's Republic Day in 2015 at the age of 93. He was hospitalised three days earlier for a urinary tract infection and chest problems that ultimately led to multiple organ failure.[29] He had reportedly suffered multiple strokes since 2010.[23][30][31] A cartoon that Laxman had made following the successful landing of Mangalyaan on Mars was posted by the Indian Space Research Organisation on its Facebook and Twitter pages on 27 January.[32] Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis announced that Laxman would be accorded a state funeral and a memorial would be built in his honour. Laxman's body was kept at the Symbiosis Institute's Pune premises near the "Common Man" statue and his body was cremated at the Vaikunth crematorium.[33]

Awards and recognition

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There is a chair named after R. K. Laxman at Symbiosis International University.[37]

Exhibitions by IIC

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Exhibitions of Laxman's cartoons organised by Indian Institute of Cartoonists at Indian Cartoon Gallery.

Date Exhibition Inaugurated by
6th Feb 2009 R. K. Laxman Jayaramaraje Urs
8th Feb 2012 R. K. Laxman's Unpublished Doodles M N Venkatachaliah, Girish Karnad
17th Aug 2013 Famous Fifteen Tadao Kagaya (Japanese Cartoonist)
21st Oct 2013 Best of Laxman ...
27th Oct 2014 Faces : Laxman's Caricatures ...
23rd Jan.2016 START-UP R. K. Laxman from Koravanji Usha Srinivas Laxman, M.Shivakumar, Beluru Ramamurthy
15th Oct 2016 Unpublished R.K.Laxman [38] ...
14th Oct 2020 hadhi Exhibition on his 100th Birth Anniversary ...

Legacy

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Statue of The Common Man at the entrance of R. K. Laxman Museum
  • R K Laxman Museum: R. K. Laxman Museum in Pune houses over 35000 illustrations of R. K. Laxman. The exhibits have been displayed in several galleries. An entire gallery is dedicated to the life of Laxman. It houses rare photos of his childhood and also displays photos of his elder brother the famous novelist R. K. Narayan. The museum also has a light and sound show.[39]
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Bibliography

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(He also wrote a book named Banker Margiah in Kannada to create awareness about Banking, about how to open a bank account by a common man. Later a movie was reseased. Which was awarded National Award as well.).

Multimedia

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References

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  1. ^ Ranga Rao (1 January 2006). R.K. Narayan. Sahitya Akademi. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-260-1971-7. Retrieved 11 March 2012. Pg. 11 in the source says that Laxman & his brother Narayan were Tamil Iyer Brahmins.
  2. ^ Laxman's-eye view[usurped] Frontline Magazine – 18–31 July 1998
  3. ^ "Times of India cartoonist RK Laxman dies after illness". BBC. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  4. ^ 10 things you need to know about RK Laxman
  5. ^ "The Common Man is still at work". The Hindu. 24 October 2011.
  6. ^ "R.K. Laxman: the Legendary Indian Cartoonist". Realbharat. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  7. ^ Sri Kantha, Sachi (2 February 2015). "Tribute to Rasipuram Krishnaswamy (R.K.) Laxman". Ilankai Tamil Sangam. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  8. ^ Laxman 1998, p. 4
  9. ^ "RK Laxman passes away". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  10. ^ Laxman 1998, p. 8
  11. ^ Laxman 1998, pp. 11–15
  12. ^ Laxman 1998, p. 25
  13. ^ Laxman 1998, p. 24
  14. ^ Laxman 1998, pp. 23–24
  15. ^ Laxman 1998, pp. 29–32
  16. ^ Laxman 1998, pp. 57–60
  17. ^ Laxman 1998, pp. 66–72
  18. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
  19. ^ Ritu Gairola Khanduri. 2014. Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History of the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  20. ^ Khanduri, Ritu Gairola (2012). "Picturing India: Nation, Development and the Common Man". Visual Anthropology. 25 (4): 303–323. doi:10.1080/08949468.2012.688416. S2CID 143569147.
  21. ^ "Colour the world". Business Line. 13 April 2000. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012.
  22. ^ "Who is the creator of 'Gattu'?". Rediff.com. 11 July 2008.
  23. ^ a b c d e Menon, Meena (26 January 2015). "The uncommon man: R.K. Laxman (1921-2015)". The Hindu. The Hindu Group. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  24. ^ a b "Celebs mourn cartoonist RK Laxman". The Times of India. The Times Group. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  25. ^ "An 'Uncommon' Marriage: R K Laxman and Kamala". Pune Mirror. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  26. ^ The uncommon man: R.K. Laxman (1921-2015)
  27. ^ The Planetary Society: Srinivas Laxman
  28. ^ "R K Laxman hospitalized after 3 strokes, stable". The Times of India. 21 June 2010. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
  29. ^ "R K Laxman regains partial consciousness". The Times of India. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  30. ^ "Iconic cartoonist R K Laxman passes away in Pune after a prolonged illness at the age of 94". India Today. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  31. ^ "Eminent cartoonist RK Laxman dies at 94". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  32. ^ Press Trust of India (27 January 2015). "ISRO pays tribute to R.K. Laxman with 'Common Man on Mars' cartoon". The Hindu. Bengaluru: The Hindu Group. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  33. ^ Banerjee, Shoumojit (27 January 2015). "Fadnavis announces memorial for R.K. Laxman". The Hindu. Pune: The Hindu Group. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  34. ^ "'Common Man' cartoonist RK Laxman dead at 93". Reuters. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  35. ^ a b Zunke, Pratiksha (7 September 2013). "Renowned cartoonist RK Laxman to be awarded Bharat Bhushan". Daily News and Analysis. Pune: Diligent Media Corporation. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  36. ^ Vakil, Dina (27 January 2015). "RK Laxman, who immortalised the common man, was devoted to excellence". The Economic Times. The Times Group. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  37. ^ Times News Network (19 June 2011). "RK Laxman Chair started at Symbiosis University". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012.
  38. ^ Unpublished R.K.Laxman Whatshapp Bangalore : October 13, 2016
  39. ^ Datta, Rangan. "RK Laxman Museum in Pune — a legacy for the next generation". No. My Kolkata. The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  40. ^ "Meet the Raging Bull". Free Press Journal. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  41. ^ "R. K. Laxman's 94th Birthday". www.google.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  42. ^ Gill, Gurkirat Singh (27 January 2015). "Unknown Facts About RK Laxman". University Express. Delhi University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  43. ^ "India Through the eyes of R. K. Laxman - Then To Now". Software Informer. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
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