Related to receptor tyrosine kinase

The related to receptor tyrosine kinase (RYK) gene encodes the protein Ryk.

RYK
Identifiers
Aliases	RYK, D3S3195, JTK5, JTK5A, RYK1, receptor-like tyrosine kinase, receptor like tyrosine kinase
External IDs	OMIM: 600524; MGI: 101766; HomoloGene: 68287; GeneCards: RYK; OMA:RYK - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human) Band 3q22.2 Start 134,065,303 bp End 134,250,859 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse) Band 9 F1|9 54.72 cM Start 102,712,116 bp End 102,785,504 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in buccal mucosa cell Achilles tendon left ovary saphenous vein gastric mucosa urethra ventricular zone germinal epithelium right ovary stromal cell of endometrium Top expressed in tail of embryo secondary oocyte genital tubercle ventricular zone zygote lip muscle of thigh epiblast calvaria molar More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding protein tyrosine kinase activity transferase activity transmembrane signaling receptor activity kinase activity Wnt-activated receptor activity ATP binding protein binding frizzled binding Wnt-protein binding coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway receptor tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity protein kinase activity Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane plasma membrane nucleus receptor complex Biological process positive regulation of MAPK cascade corpus callosum development signal transduction canonical Wnt signaling pathway non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway neurogenesis commissural neuron axon guidance neuron projection development protein phosphorylation synapse assembly chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon neuron differentiation cell proliferation in midbrain phosphorylation axonogenesis axon guidance Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance Wnt signaling pathway peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation skeletal system morphogenesis negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance negative chemotaxis negative regulation of signal transduction cell differentiation negative regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway nervous system development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6259 20187 Ensembl ENSG00000163785 ENSMUSG00000032547 UniProt P34925 Q01887 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001005861 NM_002958 NM_001042607 NM_013649 NM_001284258 RefSeq (protein) NP_001005861 NP_002949 NP_001036072 NP_001271187 NP_038677 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 134.07 – 134.25 Mb Chr 9: 102.71 – 102.79 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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The protein encoded by this gene is an atypical member of the family of growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinases, differing from other members at a number of conserved residues in the activation and nucleotide binding domains. This gene product belongs to a subfamily whose members do not appear to be regulated by phosphorylation in the activation segment. It has been suggested that mediation of biological activity by recruitment of a signaling-competent auxiliary protein may occur through an as yet uncharacterized mechanism. Two alternative splice variants have been identified, encoding distinct isoforms.

History

The gene encoding mouse RYK was first identified in 1992. Subsequently, cDNA encoding the RYK protein have been isolated from the following species.

• rat
• chicken
• Human
• Zebrafish
• Caenorhabditis elegans
• Drosophila

Structure

In common with other receptor tyrosine kinase family members, RYK is composed of three domains, an N-terminal, extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane spanning domain and a C-terminal intracellular domain. However, in contrast to other receptor tyrosine kinases the C-terminal domain of RYK is devoid of detectable kinase activity.

Function

RYK is involved in regulation of axon growth during development of the nervous system.

Further reading

• Partanen J, Mäkelä TP, Alitalo R, et al. (1991). "Putative tyrosine kinases expressed in K-562 human leukemia cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 8913–8917. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8913. PMC 55070. PMID 2247464.
• Gough NM, Rakar S, Hovens CM, Wilks A (1995). "Localization of two mouse genes encoding the protein tyrosine kinase receptor-related protein RYK". Mamm. Genome. 6 (4): 255–6. doi:10.1007/BF00352411. PMID 7613029. S2CID 2577241.
• Lee ST, Strunk KM, Spritz RA (1993). "A survey of protein tyrosine kinase mRNAs expressed in normal human melanocytes". Oncogene. 8 (12): 3403–3410. PMID 8247543.
• Stacker SA, Hovens CM, Vitali A, et al. (1993). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localisation of the human homologue of a receptor related to tyrosine kinases (RYK)". Oncogene. 8 (5): 1347–1356. PMID 8386829.
• Tamagnone L, Partanen J, Armstrong E, et al. (1993). "The human ryk cDNA sequence predicts a protein containing two putative transmembrane segments and a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain". Oncogene. 8 (7): 2009–2014. PMID 8390040.
• Wang XC, Katso R, Butler R, et al. (1996). "H-RYK, an unusual receptor kinase: isolation and analysis of expression in ovarian cancer". Mol. Med. 2 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1007/BF03401616. PMC 2230112. PMID 8726462.
• Katso RM, Russell RB, Ganesan TS (1999). "Functional analysis of H-Ryk, an atypical member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (9): 6427–6440. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.9.6427. PMC 84612. PMID 10454588.
• Trivier E, Ganesan TS (2002). "RYK, a catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine kinase, associates with EphB2 and EphB3 but does not interact with AF-6". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (25): 23037–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202486200. PMID 11956217.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, et al. (2005). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197. S2CID 27764390.
• Lu W, Yamamoto V, Ortega B, Baltimore D (2004). "Mammalian Ryk is a Wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth". Cell. 119 (1): 97–108. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.019. PMID 15454084. S2CID 18567677.
• Watanabe A, Akita S, Tin NT, et al. (2006). "A mutation in RYK is a genetic factor for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate". Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 43 (3): 310–6. doi:10.1597/04-145.1. PMID 16681403. S2CID 23152169.
• Szafranski K, Schindler S, Taudien S, et al. (2007). "Violating the splicing rules: TG dinucleotides function as alternative 3' splice sites in U2-dependent introns". Genome Biology. 8 (8): R154. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-8-r154. PMC 2374985. PMID 17672918.