Wikipedia

Rafael Marques de Morais

Rafael Marques de Morais (born 1971[1]) is an Angolan journalist and anti-corruption activist[2][3] who received several international awards for his reporting on conflict diamonds and government corruption in Angola. He currently heads the anti-corruption watchdog Maka Angola.[4]

Rafael Marques de Morais
Photo of Rafael Marques de Morais
Born (1971-08-31) August 31, 1971 (age 53)
Luanda, Angola
NationalityAngolan
OccupationJournalist
OrganizationMaka Angola
Known forReporting on corruption, human rights and conflict diamonds in Angola.
Awards

Early life

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While growing up, Marques became disturbed by the worsening state of his country: “I had never heard of a lawyer, [had] no idea of what human rights were, no idea of what fighting corruption was”, he later recalled. “I realised that the way of addressing the issues that concerned me was by being a journalist.”[5]

He received a BA (Hons) Anthropology & Media from Goldsmiths, University of London and an MSc in African Studies from St Antony's College, University of Oxford.[4] He started work as a journalist in 1992 at the state-owned newspaper Jornal de Angola.

Shortly after joining Jornal de Angola, Marques wrote an article on the forthcoming presidential election in which he quoted an opposition leader's criticism of dos Santos. He did not intend for the quotation to be published in the newspaper, but through some editorial error it did appear in the paper. Marques was punished with a transfer to the local news desk. Owing to his continued “tendency to inject unwelcome social commentary into even the driest reportage”, he continued to be demoted. One day, assigned to write about the latest national statistics, he included political analysis. “And that was the last straw”, he later told a reporter. He was fired.[5]

In 1998 the Angolan Civil War resumed. In 1999 shortly after publishing the opinion piece “Cannon Fodder” Marques began collecting signatures on a petition calling for an end to the war. He was attacked on radio and in the press.[5]

"The Lipstick of Dictatorship"

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On 3 July 1999, the weekly magazine Agora published an article by Marques entitled "The Lipstick of Dictatorship" (a play on words based on the Portuguese term for a police baton). In it, he criticized Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos. Marques called Dos Santos a dictator and charged him with destroying Angola and with promoting “incompetence, embezzlement and corruption as political and social values".[5] Three months later, on 16 October, Marques was arrested at his home in Luanda and charged with defamation.[6]

He was held for forty days without charges and was not permitted to contact his family or a lawyer. At night “the police would burst in, wake him up, and try to force him to sign blank documents that could later be doctored against him.” When he refused, they denied him food and water. Marques went on a hunger strike that went public. As a result he was transferred to another prison, where he was given food, but where his cell was so crowded that “the prisoners slept leaning up against the walls which were crawling with lice.”[5][7]

Thanks to rising international pressure on Angola spurred by the efforts of the Open Society Institute, Marques was released on bail on 25 November, on the condition that he remain in Luanda and not speak to journalists or make public statements. On 15 December, without explanation, the Luanda Provincial Court transferred his case to the Supreme Court of Angola.[5][8][9]

According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, dos Santos's government thereupon “began a campaign of verbal abuse against Marques,” citing a statement by legislator Mendes de Carvalho, during a 19 January 2000 parliamentary debate on press freedom, that if Marques kept criticizing dos Santos, he “would not live to the age of 40.”[9]

Trial

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His trial began on 9 March 2000. He was charged under Angola's Law 7/78, also known as the Law on Crimes Against State Security. The Committee to Protect Journalists charged that “Law 7/78 violates Article 35 of the 1992 Angolan Constitution, which guarantees the right to freedom of expression.”[9]

Although it had been scheduled to be heard before the Supreme Court, Marques' case was referred back to the Criminal Divisional Court, where it was heard before Joaquim de Abreu Cangato, a former member of Angola's secret police with no legal training.[6] On 10 March the trial was adjourned until 21 March. On that date, Cangato ordered spectators, including US and Portuguese embassy officials, human-rights activists, and journalists, to leave the courtroom, after which the trial continued in secrecy.

On 31 March, Marques was found guilty of the charge of abuse of the press, resulting in an “injury” to the President.[7] He was sentenced to six months' imprisonment, but remained free pending an appeal.[10] He was also fined US$17,000.[11]

The US State Department expressed concern that Marques had not received a fair trial.[11] The US-based Committee to Protect Journalists "strongly condemned" the prosecution.[12] On 27 October, under international pressure, the Supreme Court changed Marques's sentence to a suspended sentence on the condition that he not write anything defamatory about the government for the following five years.[13] He was also ordered to pay damages to the President, and his passport was confiscated until the end of February 2001.[5][7]

Later work

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Following the defamation incident, Marques focused on ending the Angolan Civil War, organizing a coalition of 250 civic and religious leaders to call for peaceful resolution.[1] On 14 July 2001, he was detained again after visiting evicted people in a resettlement camp outside of Luanda with BBC reporter Justin Pearce; the people in the camp had been forcibly evicted from a neighborhood in the city that had apparently been rezoned for commercial development.[14]

Between 1999 and 2002, Marques wrote a series of articles about the trade in conflict diamonds in Luanda Province and corruption in Cabinda Province, a major oil center. According to his Civil Courage Prize citation, "his unvarnished criticisms of the Angolan army's brutality and the malfeasance of the government and foreign oil interests put him at extreme personal risk."[1]

In 2003 he wrote Cabinda: A Year of Pain, a catalog of hundreds of human rights abuses allegedly inflicted on the populace by government forces and others. In several human rights reports, and in the September 2011 book Blood Diamonds: Corruption and Torture in Angola, he described the killing and terrorizing of villagers by private security companies and Angolan military officials in the name of protecting mining operations. In November 2011 he issued a criminal complaint accusing nine Angolan generals of crimes against humanity in connection with diamond mining.

In 2008, he founded an anti-corruption website called Maka Angola.[5]

Other professional activities

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Marques has participated in a number of international conferences and seminars, including "Transitions: A Conversation with National Leaders," sponsored by New York University and the International Peace Academy and held in New York in March 2005; "Beyond 'Conflict Diamonds:' a New Report on Human Rights and Angolan Diamonds," held at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington, DC, on 24 March 2005; and "Angola's Oil Curse," at the Post-Nobel Conference on "Oil Revenues – From Curse to Blessing for Developing Countries?”, held on 17 December 2004.[8][15]

Recognition

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Marques received the Percy Qoboza Award of the US National Association of Black Journalists in 2000.[16] In 2006, he received the Civil Courage Prize from the Northcote Parkinson Fund, which recognizes "steadfast resistance to evil at great personal risk — rather than military valor".[17] In 2015 Marques received the Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award.[18]

On October 1, 2015, Rafael Marques de Morais was declared a recipient of the 2015 Allard Prize for International Integrity, sharing the CDN$100,000 prize with co-recipient John Githongo.[19] Commenting at the time of his nomination, Marques said “It is a boost for my work, and an important break in my isolation and regular harassment. It also provides a ray of hope for Angolans who believe in the importance of exposing corruption as a criminal offense and the main scourge of society.”[20]

Marches shared the 2014 Gerald Loeb Award for International business journalism for "The Shortest Route to Riches."[21]

In May 2018, the International Press Institute awarded Marques the World Press Freedom Hero prize, commending him for his "dedication to pursuing truth at all costs".[22]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "2006 Civil Courage Prize". Civil Courage Prize. 2012. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  2. ^ Rafael Marques de Morais (August 29, 2012). "Growing Wealth, Shrinking Democracy". New York Times. Rafael Marques de Morais is a journalist and anti-corruption activist.
  3. ^ Adam Nossiter (November 19, 2011). "Fortunes, and Tables, Turn for Portugal and Angola". New York Times. But government critics in Angola saw irony in Portugal's quest. "The capital barely has any electricity," said Rafael Marques de Morais, an anticorruption campaigner.
  4. ^ a b "About Us". Maka Angola. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Regan-Sachs, Rebecca. "Angola: Marques in Angola - the Perils of Speaking Truth to Power". allAfrica. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  6. ^ a b "Rafael Marques on Trial". Committee to Protect Journalists. 31 March 2000. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  7. ^ a b c "Rafael Marques de Morais". Civil Courage Prize. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  8. ^ a b "Rafael Marques on Trial". Committee to Protect Journalists. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  9. ^ a b c "Angola: Outspoken journalist will be tried". Committee to Protect Journalists. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  10. ^ Rachel L. Swarns (20 September 2000). "Tightening Controls on Media Worry Journalists in Angola". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  11. ^ a b "Journalist convicted of defaming Angolan President". BBC News. 31 March 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  12. ^ "Angola: Outspoken journalist will be tried". Committee to Protect Journalists. 6 March 2000. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  13. ^ "Angolan journalist's sentences reduced". BBC News. 27 October 2000. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  14. ^ Justin Pearce (14 July 2001). "Free Press Threatened in Angola". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  15. ^ "2006 Civil Courage Prize Honoree". Civil Courage Prize. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  16. ^ "Past Special Honors Recipients". National Association of Black Journalists. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  17. ^ "Civil Courage Prize". civilcourageprize.org. 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  18. ^ "Angolan Journalist Rafael Marques De Morais Wins Freedom Of Expression Award Days Ahead Of Defamation Trial In Luanda". Forbes.com. 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  19. ^ "Rafael Marques De Morais & John Githongo". Allard Prize for International Integrity. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  20. ^ "Rafael Marques De Morais: Allard Prize Finalist". Allard Prize for International Integrity. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  21. ^ "UCLA Anderson School of Management Announces 2014 Gerald Loeb Award Winners". UCLA Anderson School of Management. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  22. ^ AfricaNews. "Angolan journalist Rafael Marques named 'World Press Freedom Hero' | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
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