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Raichur (formerly Raichore[2]) is a city and headquarters of eponymous Raichur district in the Karnataka state of India. Raichur, located between Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers.
Raichur
Rayachuru | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Raichur City | |
| Nickname: Cotton City | |
 Raichur in Karnataka | |
| Coordinates: 16°12′N 77°22′E / 16.2°N 77.37°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Raichur |
| Government | |
| • Body | City Municipal Council |
| Area | |
• City | 73.2 km2 (28.3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 407 m (1,335 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• City | 340,000 |
| • Rank | 189 |
| • Density | 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 251,555 |
| Demonym | Raichurians |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 584101-103 |
| Telephone code | 91 8532 |
| Vehicle registration | KA-36 |
| Official language | Kannada[1] |
| Website | raichurcity |
History
editAncient History
edit
The recorded history of the district is traced as far back as the third century B.C.E. Three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in the district, one at Maski in the Lingasugur taluk and the other two near Koppal, which proves that this area was part of the dominions of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. At that time, this region was under the governance of a Viceroy or Mahamatra of Ashoka. Thereafter, the district appears to have been a part of the kingdom of the Satavahanas. The Vakatakas, who reigned during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE, seems to have held sway over Raichur for some time, after which it appears to have been included in the Kadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of the Chalukyas of Badami. According to an inscription from Aihole, Pulakeshin II having defeated the Pallavas, occupied this area and made it a province in his empire under the governance of his son Adityavarma. Later the whole of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of the Rashtrakutas, who rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that period found in this district. According to an inscription from Manvi taluk, Jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna-II, was ruling the province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur district. Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga I, a Rashtrakuta king, has described Koppal in his Kannada work, Kavirajamarga, as the great Kopananagara.[3]
Raichur has a rich history, having been a part of various empires, such as the Bahmanis Sultanate, Vijayanagara, the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur and nizam of hyderabad. The city is famous for its imposing Raichur Fort.[3] Here, stone inscriptions have been found in Persian, Urdu, and Arabic which belonged to the bastion of the fort, referring to its construction in 1294.[4] Among the ruins of the immense fort are many irrigation tanks and old temples. The fort was built by Kakatiya king Rudra in 1284 CE which passed on to the Vijayanagar kingdom after the decline of the Kakatiyas. Thereafter the fort was under dispute for nearly two centuries. It was captured by the Bahmanis in 1323 CE. Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya expressed a wish in his testament that the city of Raichur be recaptured. This had been in the mind of Krishnadevaraya since his coronation in 1509. In the year 1520 Krishnadevaraya sent Saeed Maraikar, a Muslim in his service, to Goa with a large sum of money to buy horses. Maraikar instead went to Adil Khan with the money and offered his services. Krishnadevaraya made a demand that Maraikar be returned along with the money which was duly refused. During the period of peace, Krishnadevaraya made extensive preparations for a grand attack on Raichur doab. After the court decided that Raichur should be attacked the king invited all commanders (Nayakas) in his service to take part in the battle.
Raichur is very rich from the epigraphical point of view. It has already yielded hundreds of inscriptions, ranging from the Mauryan period up to the end of the Muslim period. The inscriptions are in a variety of languages such as Sanskrit, Prakrit, Kannada, Telugu, Arabic, and Persian and belonging to almost all the dynasties that ruled over the Deccan. The most important places from this point of view are Maski, Koppal, Kuknur, Hatti Gold Mines, Mudgal, Lingsugur and Raichur.[5]
Recent History
editThe District of Raichur was a part of the Hyderabad State until the re-organisation of State on 1 November 1956.
Geography
editRaichur is located at 16°12′N 77°22′E / 16.2°N 77.37°E on Deccan plateau.[6] It has an average elevation of 407 metres (1335 ft)
The summers get really hot in this region with temperatures going beyond 40 °C. It receives rainfall during the months between May and August. Overall, the region is warm and humid during most part of the year.
Raichur District comprises 7 administrative sub-divisions, called "Taluks":
Demographics
editAs of the 2001 India census,[7]
Hinduism is majority religion in Raichur with 57.61% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in Raichur with approximately 39.87% following it. In Raichur, Christianity is followed by 1.18%, Jainism by 0.94%, Sikhism by 0.08% and Buddhism by 0.08%. Around 0.00% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.29% stated 'No Particular Religion'.
Languages
editTransport
editRaichur is well connected by road and National Highway 167 Surat Chennai express Highway is passing through raichur.Panji to Hyderabad highway is also in progress.In future raichur might been industrial hub
Rail
editRaichur Junction is important railway junction for Mumbai–Chennai line. Raichur has good railway connectivity with major cities such as Mumbai, Chennai, New Delhi, Tatanagar, Ahmedabad, Surat, Hyderabad, Mysore, Jaipur, Varanasi, Vijayawada, Tirupati, Dwarka, Tirchy, Madurai, Thiruvananthapuram, Coimbatore, Jamu Tawi, Ludhiana, Ambala, Jalandhar, etc. The Raichur railway station is located on the Mahabubnagar-Munirabad railway line as well as the Solapur-Guntakal section.
Education
editClimate
edit| Climate data for Raichur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 38.4 (101.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
45.6 (114.1) |
46.0 (114.8) |
47.6 (117.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
40.4 (104.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
38.4 (101.1) |
37.6 (99.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.4 (101.1) |
47.6 (117.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.1 (104.2) |
40.4 (104.7) |
36.0 (96.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) |
4.0 (0.16) |
3.6 (0.14) |
17.7 (0.70) |
45.5 (1.79) |
106.2 (4.18) |
124.6 (4.91) |
128.5 (5.06) |
152.4 (6.00) |
117.7 (4.63) |
19.7 (0.78) |
5.1 (0.20) |
728.2 (28.67) |
| Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 5.1 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 43.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 35 | 29 | 23 | 24 | 28 | 46 | 56 | 59 | 59 | 54 | 46 | 40 | 42 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[11][12] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ^ "Raichur District".
- ^ a b "Welcome to Mera Raichur". meraraichur.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
- ^ "Stone inscriptions". museums.ap.nic.in/. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
- ^ Pollock, Sheldon (23 May 2006). The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520245006.
- ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Raichur, India". www.fallingrain.com.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ https://raichur.nic.in/en/public-utility/indian-institute-of-information-technology-iiit-raichur/
- ^ https://raichur.nic.in/en/public-utility/raichur-university/
- ^ https://raichur.nic.in/en/public-utility/setu-charitable-trust/
- ^ "Station: Raichur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 639–640. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M102. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
External links
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