Rakshasa is a character in the ancient Indian Sanskrit-language play Mudrarakshasa. In the play, he holds the post of Amatya (prime minister) in the Nanda and Maurya courts of Magadha. Originally a minister of the Nanda king, he escapes during Chandragupta Maurya's conquest of the Nanda empire. He then makes several attempts to overthrow Chandragupta, but each time, he is outsmarted by Chandragupta's advisor Chanakya. Finally, he agrees to give up the resistance, and accepts the post of amatya in the Maurya court.[1][2]
| Rakshasa | |
|---|---|
| First appearance | Mudrarakshasa |
| Created by | Vishakhadatta |
| In-universe information | |
| Title | Amatya |
| Occupation | Prime Minister |
Mudrarakshasa
editRakshasa appears in Vishakhadatta's play Mudrarakshasa.[3]
In the Mudrarakshasa, Chanakya feels insulted by the Nanda king and overthrows him with help of his protege Chandragupta and another powerful king Parvateshvara (or Parvata).[4] Nanda's prime minister Rakshasa escapes the royal capital Pataliputra and makes several attempts to overthrow Chandragupta. For example, he sends a vishakanya (poison girl) to assassinate Chandragupta. Chanakya makes this girl assassinate Parvata instead, with the blame going to Rakshasa. Parvata's son Malayaketu learns the truth about his father's death, and allies with Rakshasa.[5] On another occasion, Rakshasa arranges for assassins to be transported to Chandragupta's bedroom via a tunnel. Chanakya notices a trail of ants carrying the leftovers of their food and has them burned to death.[6]
Absconding from Magadha
editFor the task of getting Chandragupta Maurya killed, Amatya Rakshasa made an alliance with some of Chandragupta's enemies.[7]
Rakshasa failed several times in his plan to get Chandragupta killed.[8] He tried having some kings attack Pataliputra, the Maurya capital, but the plan failed due to Chanakya's intelligent tactics.
Meanwhile, Chanakya knew that it was dangerous for a clever leader like Amatya Rakshasa to hold a grudge against the king.[9] Soon, Chanakya made plans to capture Amatya Rakshasa by luring him to return to Magadha. Chanakya spread rumors among certain people in Magadha, thanks to which he arrested one of Amatya Rakshas's associates. Chanakya knew that Amatya Rakshasa would come searching for his associate or try to free him.[10]
Becoming the Amatya of the Maurya Empire
editRakshasa was tracked and captured finally by Chanakya, as per his plan.[11][12][10] Chanakya told Rakshasa about his plan to make him the prime minister of Chandragupta's empire as Rakshasa had diligence and patriotism towards Magadha.[12][13] Chanakya knew very well about Rakshas' efficient administrative skills and diplomatic tactics. Chanakya asked Rakshasa to become the Principal Amatya (Maha Amatya) of the Mauryan empire and to serve the kingdom with the same diligence and faithfulness he showed during the Nanda rule.[13] Rakshasa was initially reluctant to do so. Chanakya convinced Rakshasa to become the Maha Amatya as he would be an extraordinary royal advisor.[14] Finally, Amatya Rakshasa agreed to Chanakya for the benefit of Magadha.[15][16][17] Amatya Rakshasa then realized Chanakya's dignity and overcame his enmity with him.[18][19][20]
Film and television
edit- The 1991 TV series Chanakya is an archetypal account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the play Mudrarakshasa. Amatya Rakshasa is played by Surendra Pal.
- In Chandragupta Maurya, a 2011 TV series on NDTV Imagine produced by Sagar Arts, Amatya Rakshasa is played by actor Tej Sapru.
- Chandra Nandini, a 2016 historical drama television series of Chandragupta Maurya.[21][22]
- The 2015 Colors TV drama, Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat, features Amatya Rakshasa during the reign of Chandragupta's son, Bindusara. Rakshasa is played by Amit Behl.
- Nimai Bali played Amatya Rakshasa in the historical television series Porus between 2017 and 2018.
- Chandragupta Maurya, a 2018 television show based on the life of Chandragupta Maurya. Amatya Rakshasa was played by actor Nimai Bali.[23]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Varadpande 2005, pp. 227–231.
- ^ Trautmann 1971, pp. 37–40.
- ^ The Mudra Rakshasa, Or The Signet Of The Minister, A Drama, In Seven Acts. Visakhadata. 1831. p. 154.
- ^ Trautmann 1971, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Trautmann 1971, p. 37.
- ^ Trautmann 1971, p. 38.
- ^ Śāstrī, Haridatta (1962). Saṃskr̥ta-kāvyakāra. p. 211.
- ^ Caudharī, Vimalā (1993). Prācīna Bhārata meṃ guptacara-vyavasthā. pp. 111, 114, 115.
- ^ Prasad, Jaishankar (2008). Prasad Ke Sampoorn Natak Evam Ekanki. p. 64. ISBN 9788180313455.
- ^ a b Prakāśana, Viśvavidyālaya (1969). Mahākaviviśākhadattapraṇitaṃ Mudrārākṣasam: Ramānāmnyā Saṃskr̥taṭīkayā, rāshṭrabhāshānuvādena, ṭippaṇyā,bhāvasaṃvalitayā vistr̥tabhūmikayā ca sanāthīkr̥tam. Viśākhadatta. pp. 129, 207, 369.
- ^ RP, Jain (2013). Chanakya Neeti. p. 16.
- ^ a b Parashar, Dr. Ashwini. Mahamatya Chankaya. p. 117.
- ^ a b "After Altered Changed the Scene Itself". Amarujala. September 18, 2014.
- ^ Śukla, Rāmacandra (1970). Mudrārākṣasa-nāṭakam. Viśākhadatta. p. 502.
- ^ Mo. Ga., Tapasvi (2001). Rashtraya Namah.
- ^ Śarmā, Hemanta. Bharatendu samagra: Bharatendu gramthavali. Sabhi khanda aura aneka alabhya samagri jilda mem.
- ^ Guptā, Sureśacandra (1963). Mudrārākshasa. Viśākhadatta. p. 135.
- ^ Chanakya Prapanch. p. 10.
- ^ Upadhyay, Bhagwatsharan. Bharat Ki Nadiyon Ki Kahani. p. 18.
- ^ Sharma, Ramvilas (1999). Bhartendu Harishchandra Aur Hindi Navjagaran Ki Samasyayeen. p. 118.
- ^ "Chandra Nandini 10 July 2017 Written Update of Full Episode: Chanakya Asks Chandra Not To Kill Amatya Rakshas". india.com. July 10, 2017.
- ^ "Chandra Nandini 14 July 2017, Written Update of Full Episode: Amatya Rakshasa tells Nandini that Malayketu wants to murder Bindusara". bollywoodlife.com. July 14, 2017.
- ^ "Nimai Bali and other 65 crew members of Sony TV's Chandragupta Maurya go BALD! Here's why..." tellychakkar.com. November 26, 2018.
Bibliography
edit- Trautmann, Thomas R. (1971), Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: a statistical investigation of the authorship and evolution of the text, Brill
- Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (2005), History of Indian Theatre, Abhinav, ISBN 978-81-7017-430-1
- Visakhadatta (1837), The Mudra Rakshasa, Or The Signet Of The Minister, A Drama, In Seven Acts.