Ralph C. Guzmán (1924-October 10, 1985, born Rafael Cortez Guzmán)[1] served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State of Latin America in the Carter Administration and was one of the nation's leading Latino educators.[2] He co-founded the Oakes College[3] at the University of California at Santa Cruz and later was appointed Provost at UCSC's Merrill College.[4] Guzmán played an influential role in the early years of the Chicano Movement, and was a key figure in the Mexican-American community nationwide. During his time in the State Department, he was responsible for formulating and implementing much of the nation's policy in Central and South America.
Early life and education
editBorn in Moroleon, Guanajuato in 1924, Rafael Cortez Guzmán immigrated to the U.S. as a child during the Depression, and worked for several years with his family in the fields of the Southwest before settling in East Los Angeles. He served in the Merchant Marines and Navy during World War II, participating in the final assault on Okinawa, and returned to complete an A.A. at East Los Angeles Junior College under the G.I. Bill in 1949.[1]
After the war, he enrolled at California State University, Los Angeles, where he earned bachelor's (1958) and master's (1960) degrees in political science. In 1955 he was named director of the Alianza Hispano-Americana's (a Mexican American fraternal insurance society) newly founded civil rights department, where he cultivated his skill in developing community support organizations.[5] Along with Fred Ross Sr. and Congressman Edward R. Roybal, Guzmán assisted in the founding of the Community Service Organization in the Los Angeles area.[6][7]
Following three years spent serving as Associate Director of the Peace Corps contingents in Venezuela and Peru, Guzmán returned to Los Angeles and became one of the few Chicano graduate students (and first to receive a Ph.D. in political science) at UCLA. There, while completing his studies, he was appointed a director of the Mexican-American Study Project, and helped develop The Mexican Americans: Our Second Minority (NY, 1970).
Research and legacy
editDr. Guzmán's research, put forth in The Mexican Americans: Our Second Minority, was essential to the Chicano Anti-Vietnam Movement. His researched showed that disproportionate numbers of Latino Americans were dying in the war.
Guzman drew his conclusions from US military records and the surnames of the casualties, identifying Spanish surnames as Latinos. Recently, Pomona College historian Tomas Summers Sandoval revisited Guzman's work using more thoroughly tested surnames lists and confirmed Guzmán's conclusions.[8]
In the 2015 PBS documentary On Two Fronts: Latinos & Vietnam, which examines the Latino experience during the Vietnam War, Sandoval says in an interview, "The Chicano Anti Vietnam War Movement does not exist without the research of Ralph Guzman. He is the verifiable proof of their common sense understanding that this war was disproportionately affecting our community."[9][10]
References
edit- ^ a b "University of California: In Memoriam, 1988". texts.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
- ^ "Ralph C. Guzman; Latino Educator, Carter Aide". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 1985-10-13. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
- ^ "History :: Oakes College :: UCSC". 2005-12-17. Archived from the original on 2005-12-17. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "A Brief History of Merrill College". merrill.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
- ^ "Alianza Hispano Americana Records 1894-1994". www.azarchivesonline.org. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
- ^ Meier, Matt S.; Gutiérrez, Margo (2000). Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313304255.
- ^ "Hispanic Americans in Congress -- Roybal". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
- ^ "Ralph Guzman and Latino Casualties". prezi.com. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
- ^ "On Two Fronts: Latinos & Vietnam on iTunes". iTunes. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
- ^ On Two Fronts: Latinos & Vietnam. Dir. Myléne Moreno. Souvenir Pictures, Inc., 2015. ITunes.