Rankin Inlet (Inuktitut: Kangiqliniq;[7] Inuktitut syllabics: ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ[8] or Kangirliniq,[9] ᑲᖏᖅᖠᓂᖅ,[8] or Kangir&iniq[10] meaning deep bay/inlet) is an Inuit hamlet on the Kudlulik Peninsula in Nunavut, Canada.[1][11] It is the largest hamlet and second-largest settlement in Nunavut, after the territorial capital, Iqaluit. On the northwestern Hudson Bay, between Chesterfield Inlet and Arviat, it is the regional centre for the Kivalliq Region.
Rankin Inlet
| |
|---|---|
 Rankin Inlet from the air | |
  Rankin Inlet  Rankin Inlet | |
| Coordinates: 62°49′N 092°05′W / 62.817°N 92.083°W[1] | |
| Country | Canada |
| Territory | Nunavut |
| Region | Kivalliq |
| Electoral districts | Rankin Inlet North-Chesterfield Inlet Rankin Inlet South |
| Government | |
| • Type | Hamlet Council |
| • Mayor | Harry Towtongie |
| • MLAs | Alexander Sammurtok Lorne Kusugak |
| Area (2021)[4] | |
• Total | 20.03 km2 (7.73 sq mi) |
| • Population centre | 2.86 km2 (1.10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 28 m (92 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 2,975 |
| • Density | 148.5/km2 (385/sq mi) |
| • Population centre | 2,698 |
| • Population centre density | 942.6/km2 (2,441/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−06:00 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−05:00 (CDT) |
| Canadian Postal code | |
| Area code | 867 |
| Telephone Exchange | 645 |
| GNBC Code | OANSI |
| NTS Map | 55K16 Rankin Inlet |
| Waterway | Hudson Bay |
| Website | www.rankininlet.net |
In the 1995 Nunavut capital plebiscite, Iqaluit defeated Rankin Inlet to become territorial capital of Nunavut.
History
edit_Thule-Site_1995-06-22.jpg)
Archaeological sites suggest the area was inhabited around 1200 CE by Thule people who were bowhead whale hunters. By the late 18th century, they were succeeded by Kivallirmiut (Caribou Inuit) who hunted the inland barren-ground caribou, and fished for Arctic char along the coast, as well as the Diane River and Meliadine River. The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) established itself throughout the bay in the 17th century, and after 1717, sloops from Churchill, Manitoba traded north to Rankin Inlet and beyond. There was an unfortunate expedition shipwrecked on Marble Island, 32 km (20 mi) east of Rankin Inlet: James Knight's expedition died on the island around 1722. It was surveyed by William Moor in 1747. HBC contact was followed in the mid-19th century by American and European whalers, who were followed by fur traders trapping Arctic foxes for their skins in the early 20th century, followed by missionaries who brought a written language system.[12][13]
The town itself was founded by the owners of the Rankin Inlet Mine, just north of Johnston Cove. Starting in 1957, the mine produced nickel and copper ores from an underground operation. The mine was the first case of Inuit miners in Canada. When the mine closed in 1962, Rankin Inlet had a population of approximately 500 Inuit, and 70-80% had been mine workers. Several unsuccessful attempts followed to develop alternate sources of income for the town. These included a pig ranch in 1969 and a chicken-raising venture in the 1970s. Both animal groups were fed a diet of local fish, which gave the meat an unpleasant flavour. It was also common for the animals to freeze to death or be eaten by polar bears.[14]
The Meliadine Gold Mine operated by Agnico Eagle opened in 2019 and is expected to produce until at least 2032. It is the second mine opened in the low Arctic, after the Meadowbank Gold Mine, and is both an underground and open-pit mine.[15]
From 1985 to 1997, Kivalliq Hall operated as a boarding school for Inuit pupils; it had been recognized as a residential school for the pre-1995 period when it was operated by the Federal government.[16][17]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 566 | — |
| 1976 | 852 | +50.5% |
| 1981 | 1,109 | +30.2% |
| 1986 | 1,374 | +23.9% |
| 1991 | 1,706 | +24.2% |
| 1996 | 2,058 | +20.6% |
| 2001 | 2,177 | +5.8% |
| 2006 | 2,358 | +8.3% |
| 2011 | 2,557 | +8.4% |
| 2016 | 2,842 | +11.1% |
| 2021 | 2,975 | +4.7% |
| Source: Statistics Canada [4][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] | ||
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Rankin Inlet had a population of 2,975 living in 826 of its 1,026 total private dwellings, a change of 4.7% from its 2016 population of 2,842. With a land area of 20.03 km2 (7.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 148.5/km2 (384.7/sq mi) in 2021.[4]
| Panethnic group | 2021[27] | 2016[28] | 2011[29] | 2006[30] | 2001[31] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| Indigenous | 2,525 | 86.18% | 2,320 | 83.6% | 1,835 | 81.74% | 1,955 | 83.55% | 1,720 | 79.45% |
| European[a] | 275 | 9.39% | 345 | 12.43% | 310 | 13.81% | 325 | 13.89% | 405 | 18.71% |
| Southeast Asian[b] | 55 | 1.88% | 60 | 2.16% | 65 | 2.9% | 25 | 1.07% | 20 | 0.92% |
| African | 35 | 1.19% | 20 | 0.72% | 20 | 0.89% | 20 | 0.85% | 10 | 0.46% |
| South Asian | 30 | 1.02% | 20 | 0.72% | 20 | 0.89% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.46% |
| East Asian[c] | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.43% | 10 | 0.46% |
| Middle Eastern[d] | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.43% | 0 | 0% |
| Latin American | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Other/multiracial[e] | 10 | 0.34% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.45% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Total responses | 2,930 | 98.49% | 2,775 | 97.64% | 2,245 | 87.12% | 2,340 | 99.24% | 2,165 | 99.45% |
| Total population | 2,975 | 100% | 2,842 | 100% | 2,577 | 100% | 2,358 | 100% | 2,177 | 100% |
| Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses | ||||||||||
Arts and culture
editRankin Inlet is not only notable for its artists and artisans, it is recognized as housing the only Inuit fine-arts ceramics production facility in the world.[32] Community artists work in a variety of media including ceramics, prints, bronze castings, carvings, watercolour and drawing. The Matchbox Gallery, founded in 1987, showcases art work and provides educational resources.
The community is served by Kivalliq News, a weekly newspaper which publishes in both English and Inuktitut.
The annual spring festival Pakallak Tyme includes a fishing competition and snowmobile races.[33]
Transportation
editDue to the remoteness of the community and the fact that there is no all-season road to access the community, the primary mode of year-round transportation into and out of the community is by airplane. Two passenger airlines fly into the hamlet: Calm Air and Canadian North.
Calm Air flies direct to Winnipeg, with round-trip service twice daily on weekdays. Rankin Inlet serves as a hub for transit further into the Kivalliq region. Destinations from Rankin Inlet include Arviat, Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Coral Harbour, Naujaat, and Whale Cove.[34]
Canadian North also serves the community, with service to Edmonton, Yellowknife, Iqaluit, and Montreal, on a milk-run that flies very infrequently.[35]
The community is also serviced by sealifts originating from Montreal.
Broadband communications
editThe community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSi Canada. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.
Geography
editRankin Inlet is notable for the chilling wind, severe winter storms, and water resources. The Diana River empties from the north into the hamlet's namesake inlet. The Kivalliq Region has several lakes, the largest being Nipissa Lake, and is flanked by two bays, Melvin Bay on the west and Prairie Bay on the east. Paniqtoq Peninsula, on the inlet's far western shore, provides a barrier shelter for the smaller Kivalliq Region. Dozens of islands dot the inlet, including Thomson Island, the largest, and the Barrier Islands, the longest chain. These natural resources attract tourists who hunt, fish, and canoe. The Iqalugaarjuup Nunanga Territorial Park, 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Rankin Inlet, is notable for hiking, fishing, bird watching and Thule archaeological sites.[36][37]
Climate
editRankin Inlet has a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc; Trewartha: Ecld), just short of a tundra climate. It is above the tree line. Temperatures stay below freezing from late September to early June. Although the climate is subarctic, temperatures rise and fall too rapidly and do not stay above 10 °C (50 °F) for long enough (30 days) for trees to grow. Under the alternate formula for determining the boundary between Arctic and subarctic climates posited by Otto Nordenskjöld, however, Rankin Inlet, along with Arviat and Baker Lake, qualify as Arctic based on the relationship between the temperatures of the coldest and warmest months; in the case of Rankin Inlet, with a coldest-month (January) mean of −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F), said boundary for the warmest month would be 12.0 °C (53.6 °F) using the Nordenskjöld formula and Rankin Inlet's warmest month (July) averages only 10.9 °C (51.6 °F).
Beginning on 16 January 2008, Rankin Inlet endured the longest recorded blizzard in Canada.[f] Wind speed was 74 km/h (46 mph) or above, with gusts to 90 km/h (56 mph), and wind chill values were as low as −58 °C (−72 °F). This blizzard lasted 7 days 5 hours.[39]
| Climate data for Rankin Inlet (Rankin Inlet Airport) WMO ID: 71083; coordinates 62°49′N 92°07′W / 62.817°N 92.117°W; elevation: 32.3 m (106 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | −3.0 | −3.6 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 13.4 | 27.5 | 32.2 | 31.8 | 23.4 | 12.7 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 32.2 |
| Record high °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
30.5 (86.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
30.5 (86.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) |
−25.8 (−14.4) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −30.1 (−22.2) |
−29.5 (−21.1) |
−24.5 (−12.1) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
4.6 (40.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −33.6 (−28.5) |
−33.2 (−27.8) |
−28.8 (−19.8) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−28.2 (−18.8) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −46.1 (−51.0) |
−49.8 (−57.6) |
−43.4 (−46.1) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−24.6 (−12.3) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−27.4 (−17.3) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
−43.6 (−46.5) |
−49.8 (−57.6) |
| Record low wind chill | −66.8 | −70.5 | −64.4 | −53.6 | −37.8 | −17.6 | −5.3 | −8.8 | −18.1 | −42.7 | −55.3 | −62.4 | −70.5 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.6 (0.38) |
9.2 (0.36) |
12.3 (0.48) |
20.6 (0.81) |
21.0 (0.83) |
22.1 (0.87) |
43.7 (1.72) |
51.6 (2.03) |
47.3 (1.86) |
40.1 (1.58) |
22.5 (0.89) |
16.1 (0.63) |
315.9 (12.44) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (0.04) |
7.3 (0.29) |
19.6 (0.77) |
43.5 (1.71) |
51.6 (2.03) |
44.7 (1.76) |
14.7 (0.58) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
183.2 (7.21) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 9.8 (3.9) |
9.2 (3.6) |
12.3 (4.8) |
20.0 (7.9) |
14.0 (5.5) |
2.2 (0.9) |
0.1 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
2.6 (1.0) |
25.4 (10.0) |
22.5 (8.9) |
16.5 (6.5) |
134.5 (53.0) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 7.5 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 10.5 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 14.9 | 12.9 | 10.8 | 120.8 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.75 | 2.6 | 6.0 | 10.5 | 12.6 | 10.9 | 4.4 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 48.6 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 7.6 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 2.7 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 10.8 | 77.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 68.2 | 68.7 | 71.9 | 78.1 | 81.0 | 70.6 | 65.7 | 71.2 | 74.6 | 84.2 | 79.2 | 72.4 | 73.8 |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020[40] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
edit.jpg)
- Jack Anawak, federal and territorial level Inuk politician
- Levinia Brown, territorial level Inuk politician
- Tagak Curley, Inuk politician and a prominent figure in the negotiations that led to the creation of Nunavut
- Piita Irniq, Inuk politician and commissioner of Nunavut
- Peter Ittinuar, first federal level Inuk politician
- Victoria Kakuktinniq, Inuk fashion designer
- Jose Kusugak, Inuk politician, president of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated, married to Nellie Kusugak
- Lorne Kusugak, territorial level Inuk politician
- Michael Kusugak, Inuk storyteller and children's writer
- Nellie Kusugak, Inuk educator and commissioner of Nunavut, married to Jose Kusugak
- Manitok Thompson, territorial level Inuk politician
- John Tiktak, Inuk sculptor
- Hunter Tootoo, former Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard
- Jordin Tootoo, former National Hockey League player
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Environment and Climate Change Canada defines a blizzard above the tree line as a snowstorm with sustained wind speed above 40 km/h (25 mph), visibility 400 m (1,300 ft) or under and conditions will last for at least six hours.[38]
References
edit- ^ a b "Rankin Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ^ "Municipal Election Results 2019-2020" (PDF). Elections Nunavut. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ "2021 General Election" (PDF). Elections Nunavut. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ Elevation at airport. Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census Rankin Inlet Nunavut [Population centre]". Statistics Canada. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ Rankin Inlet
- ^ a b Research Database
- ^ "Harvest Estimates" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- ^ 'Language watchdog needed in Nunavut
- ^ "Kudlulik Peninsula". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ^ "Notre Dame Du Cap". arcicomi.ca. Archived from the original on 3 May 2003. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
- ^ "Pulaarvik Kablu Friendship Centre". pulaarvik.ca. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
- ^ "History of the Development of Agriculture in the N.W.T." (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2007.
- ^ "The Meliadine mine in the Kivalliq District of Nunavut is Agnico Eagle's second mine in Canada's Low Arctic, opening nine years after the Meadowbank mine". Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ "Kivalliq Hall qualifies for residential school settlements, Nunavut appeals court rules". CBC News.
- ^ "Nunavut judge recognizes Kivalliq Hall as a residential school". Nunatsiaq News. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
- ^ "1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions" (PDF). Statistics Canada. June 1977. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order" (PDF). Statistics Canada. May 1992. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions" (PDF). Statistics Canada. September 1987. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1992. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1997. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Nunavut)". Statistics Canada. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Nunavut)". Statistics Canada. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Nunavut)". Statistics Canada. 25 July 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Nunavut)". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 October 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 November 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (20 August 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 July 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ Rankin Inlet art and artists Archived 22 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rogers, Sarah (5 December 2020). "CBC to air comedy series episode filmed in Nunavut". Nunatsiaq News. Nortext Publishing. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
- ^ "Flight Schedules | Calm Air International LP". www.calmair.com. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ "Flight Schedule". Canadian North. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ "Landmarks". worldviewtravel.com. Archived from the original on 5 November 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
- ^ "Iqalugaarjuup Nunanga Territorial Park". Nunavut Parks. Archived from the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
- ^ "Blizzard Table 2. Alerting parameters Environment Canada uses for issuing a Blizzard Warning". 29 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ "Home of the blizzard". up here. October–November 2008. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "Rankin Inlet A". Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2303401. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
Further reading
edit- England JI. 1998. "Rankin Inlet Birthing Project: Outcome of Primipara Deliveries". International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 57: 113–5.
- Igalaaq The Rankin Inlet Community Access Centre. Ottawa, Ont: Caledon Institute of Social Policy, 1999. ISBN 1-894159-30-6
- Jansen, William Hugh. Eskimo Economics An Aspect of Culture Change at Rankin Inlet. Mercury series. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1979.
- Mallon, S. T. Inuktitut, Rankin Inlet Version. Yellowknife, N.W.T.: Dept. of Education, 1974.
- Shirley, James R., and Darlene Wight. Rankin Inlet Ceramics. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2003. ISBN 0-88915-224-1
- Watson, Linvill. Television Among Inuit of Keewatin The Rankin Inlet Experience. Saskatoon, [Sask.]: Institute for Northern Studies, University of Saskatoon, 1977.
- Feeney, Mara. Rankin Inlet. Fiddletown: Gaby Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-9819319-5-1.
External links
edit
Rankin Inlet travel guide from Wikivoyage
