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Reformed City Church of Vienna

The Reformed City Church of Vienna is a church building of the Evangelical Church of the Helvetic Confession in Austria in the 1st Vienna municipal district Innere Stadt, Dorotheergasse 16.

Rectory and main front of the Reformed City Church on Dorotheergasse

Situated on the corner of a block of narrow streets in the old town, the church with its vicarage was built as a toleration house of prayer for the Viennese reformed Reformed parish, which was established in 1782 as a result of the Tolerance Patent. The architect of the Classicist building complex, which was erected on the site of an abandoned monastery between 1783 and 1784, was Gottfried Gottfried. building complex was Gottlieb Nigelli. The Reformed City Church was given a neo-baroque single-tower façade in 1887 according to plans by Ignaz Sowinski. In accordance with the Reformed interpretation of the second commandment, the interior of the church is devoid of images.

The Reformed City Church is the seat of the Evangelical Parish of H. B. Innere Stadt and the Evangelical Church of H. B. in Austria. The church is also home to several foreign-language congregations, which are legally organized in different ways, and is a venue for cultural events. The church is under Monument protection.

History

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Previous history

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Royal monastery. After a bird's eye view from the Cosmographia Austriaco-Franciscana by Placidus Herzog (1740). View from the east, Dorotheergasse in front, today's Stallburggasse on the right.

Protestant church services in Vienna were forbidden until the Tolerance Patent issued by Emperor Joseph II in 1781. During the period of the Counter-Reformation, Secret Protestantism tended to remain in more remote areas of Austria. An exception, tolerated by the state despite protests from the Vienna Archbishops, were the Reformed church services in the Dutch legation in Vienna. These services were also open to the Viennese population. The sermons were held in German. The first known legation preacher was Philipp Otto Vietor, who worked in Vienna from 1671 to 1673.[1]

The worshipping community of the Dutch legation formed the nucleus for the Viennese Reformed congregation (H. B.), which was constituted after the Toleration Patent on March 2, 1782. The congregation appointed the former legation preacher Carl Wilhelm Hilchenbach as its first pastor.[2] On March 13, 1782, the parish bought the farm buildings of the former Königinkloster for 23,900 guilders in order to build a Toleranzbethaus with a rectory in their place.[3] The monastery, which according to a contemporary description by the travel writer Friedrich Nicolai had a "miserable reputation"[4] had been among the first to be dissolved in the course of the Josephine Church Reform. The Viennese Lutheran congregation (A. B.) had been founded as a result of the Toleration Patent, just like the Reformed congregation. It acquired the former monastery church adjacent to the farm buildings, which was converted into the Lutheran City Church. The farm buildings were demolished.[3] Gottlieb Nigelli, a sub-architect in the Court Building Office and protégé of the State Chancellor Wenzel Kaunitz, was entrusted with the planning of the reformed house of prayer. Nigelli was not yet a recognized and experienced architect when the contract was awarded.[5]

Building history

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Built as a toleration house of prayer (1783-1784) and first adaptations

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One of the two classicist domes of the Tolerance House of Prayer

The foundation stone for the Toleration House of Prayer was laid on March 26, 1783. According to the provisions of the Toleration Patent, the building could not be recognizable as a church from the outside and could not have a street-side entrance. Nigelli therefore designed the street façade in the style of a simple residential building and concealed the two main portals in an inner courtyard that could not be seen from the alley.[3] When designing the interior, the architect was freer and chose a classicist style that was progressive for his time.[5] The house of prayer was consecrated on December 25, 1784.[3]

The industrialist and banker Johann von Fries, who had made the largest financial contribution to the construction of the prayer house,[6] had the Palais Fries-Pallavicini built at the same time on another plot of the former royal monastery. The architect of the neoclassical palace was Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg, Nigelli's superior in the Court Building Office. A controversy broke out between the supporters of both architects over the artistic quality of the new buildings in several journals and pamphlets. The Fries-Pallavicini Palace was criticized for the unusual proportions of the exterior and the magnificent caryatids by Franz Anton von Zauner at the main portal - "the architect's intention seems to have been deliberately to draw the eye away from the essentials of the building in order not to notice the flaws of the whole. “[7] In contrast, the reformed house of prayer had the difficult task of "drawing the line between extravagant splendor and raw simplicity; and woe betide the architect who is not philosopher enough before he picks up the tools."[8] The anonymous author of these lines, presumably Nigelli himself, also received an anonymous reply, presumably from Hohenberg's pen, that he was "Vienna's Trasyllus",[9] alluding to the ancient philosopher who discredited himself morally by cultivating a close friendship with Emperor Tiberius. As a result of the controversy, Hohenberg had Nigelli transferred from Vienna to the provincial building directorate in Brno.[5]

The Reformed and Lutheran parishes in Vienna founded a joint school in 1794, the classrooms of which were originally located in the parsonages of the two parishes, which were connected to each other on the second floor by an opening in the firewall that was later bricked up again. Since 1862, the school has been housed in a building on Karlsplatz.[10]

Archduchess Henriette of Austria, a born princess of Nassau-Weilburg, retained her Reformed faith even after her marriage to Archduke Karl of Austria in 1815 and her move to Vienna. However, it was considered unworthy of an archduchess to have to use a back door in an inner courtyard when attending church. The court architect Johann Amann therefore obtained permission in 1815 for a structural solution that took into account the restrictions of the Toleration Patent. He had a door in the side façade of the prayer house on the street side broken through, which initially led into an intermediate passageway that was declared as not belonging to the actual sacred space. The so-called Henriettentor was also allowed to be used exclusively by the archduchess. In the summer of 1830, six months after Henriette's death, the gate was walled up again.[11]

Conversion from 1887

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Ignaz Sowinski's design for the new main façade

The Protestant Patent of 1861 granted the Protestants in Austria more extensive rights than the Tolerance Patent issued 80 years earlier. It was now possible to give the outside of the prayer house the appearance of a church. It was not until 1885, after many years of deliberation, that the congregation's leadership finally took the decision to redesign the building. In addition to the external visualization of the church, the rectory was also to be adapted to the living requirements of the time. The architect Ignaz Sowinski emerged as the winner of a public tender in 1887.[12] Sowinski, a pupil of Heinrich von Ferstel, was only at the beginning of his career.[13]

Construction work began on August 8, 1887.[14] The exterior of the building was completely changed and designed in the neo-baroque style. The reformed prayer house became the first Protestant church in Vienna with a church tower.[15] Sowinski also added a new main portal to the now neo-Baroque main façade facing Dorotheergasse.[14] Neo-Baroque developed, theoretically underpinned by the art historian Albert Ilg,[16] increasingly became an Austrian "national style" in the 1880s.[13] The side façade facing Stallburggasse was also redesigned.

The new main entrance made it necessary to redesign the interior. The positions of the pulpit and organ were swapped and the interior of the church was subsequently rotated by 180 degrees. In the course of this, a new organ loft was built above the main portal in the original apse. The existing right-sided gallery was extended[14] and the total number of seats increased to 205.[15] The rectory largely retained its previous external appearance, while structural adaptations were made to its interior. Due to damp walls on the ground floor, the rectory was given a basement. The layout of the rooms on the two floors above was changed with new corridors. All sanitary facilities, gas, water and electricity pipes, doors, windows and floors as well as the heating system were completely renewed. The two connecting wings between the rectory and the church building were given a new look with a newly built staircase and a newly built sacristy.

Previously unestimated costs were incurred in the course of the conversion. For the basement of the rectory, the remains of the foundation of the Königinkloster monastery made of quarry stone masonry had to be removed with chiseling work, and the firewall of the rectory had to be subsequently provided with a foundation. The construction work was completed within the planned timeframe on December 3, 1887,[14] however, the construction costs rose from the originally calculated 6500 Austrian guilders to 56,239 guilders.[12]

Structural changes after 1887

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After the reconstruction of 1887, the essential features of the Reformed Town Church remained unchanged. In 1895, three bells were installed in the church tower for the first time, named after their donors: Christoph and Berta Cloeter[17] (the parents of the author Hermine Cloeter),[18] 'Philipp Ritter von Schoeller and parishioners. The state confiscated the bells for melting in 1916 in the course of the World War I. After a collection among the parishioners, three bells were cast again in 1932 by the Pfundner Bell Foundry, of which the two larger ones were melted down during World War II. After a donation from the presbyter Karl Matysek, the Glockengießerei Grassmayr recast two more bells and the one remaining bell in 1979.

Interior and exterior renovations were first carried out in 1901 and 1906, in the interwar period in 1928 and 1934 and in occupied Austria in 1952 and 1953. A comprehensive interior restoration in 1962 was characterized by an approximation to the original classicist form of the church, whereby, among other things, parts of the original wall paintings were uncovered. [17] The entire building complex was restored between 1979 and 1984.[19] In April 1997, the Reformed City Church became the first church building in Austria with a photovoltaic system. The 30 m² solar system installed on the church roof has an annual electricity yield of around 2800 kWh.[20] The last exterior restoration of the church was carried out in 1999.[19] In the summer of 2006, the interior of the church was renovated and the parish hall, kitchen and toilet facilities were refurbished.[21]

History of use

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The Reformed City Church is not only the seat of the Protestant parish of H. B. Vienna Innere Stadt, but also the seat of the church leadership of the Protestant Church of H. B. in Austria, the Oberkirchenrats H. B.,[22] and its church newspaper, the Reformiertes Kirchenblatt.[23] The regular Sunday services have always started at ten o'clock since the beginning of the congregation's history.

In the first decades of its existence, the congregation celebrated the Tolerance Festival on October 13, which commemorated Emperor Joseph II's Patent of Tolerance of October 13, 1781. In the Revolution Year 1848, this tradition was abandoned and instead a church service was introduced to mark Reformation Day on October 31. Other widespread Christian feast day services have only been held in the Reformed City Church since the second half of the 20th century: the Christmas Mass has been celebrated annually since 1957 and the Easter Vigil since 1972.[24] The Palm Thursday service, first celebrated in 1969, always takes place on the Thursday before Palm Sunday. At the time of its introduction, it was the only service in Vienna at which members of other denominations were officially invited to partake in communion.[25]

 
Karol Kuzmány, Lithografie of Josef Kriehuber (1866)

There were - and are - also church services in other languages. In 1851, the theology professor Karol Kuzmány and his students began to hold regular Czech-language services in the Reformed City Church. This tradition was continued by Prussian Silesia, who came from Prussian Silesia and was called to Vienna in 1867 as a senior church councilor Heřman z Tardy. Tardy initiated an association in 1891 with the aim of founding a separate Czech Reformed congregation and building its own congregation center. This project was thwarted by the general financial collapse after the First World War. Czech-language church services were still held regularly until 1945 and occasionally until 1969.

Two guest preachers also held a French-language service every Sunday after the German-language service from 1868 until shortly before the First World War.[26] Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been occasional Hungarian-language Reformed Church in Hungary, which were usually organized by the latter. The numerous refugees of Reformed denomination who came to Austria as a result of the Hungarian National Uprising of 1956 gave rise to the founding of the Hungarian Pastoral Service (USD), which is organized as a work of the Evangelical Church of H. B. in Austria. [27] The services of the USD in the Reformed City Church take place every Sunday at 5 pm.[28] Also in the Reformed City Church, the Vienna Community Church (VCC), an interdenominational association founded in 1957, celebrates English-speaking services every Sunday at 12 noon.[29]

Every year, the reformed parish organizes a charitable Advent market in the inner courtyard, called the "Henriettenmarkt". It is named after the reformed Arzduchess Henriette of Austria,[30] who had a Christmas tree decorated with candles set up in Vienna in 1816, as she knew it from her home in Nassau-Weilburg. The custom, previously unknown in Vienna, is said to have been adopted by Emperor Franz I in the Hofburg and by other Viennese aristocratic families.[11] In the first half of the 20th  century, there was an in-house church choir, the Evangelical Reformed Choir Association, which was directed by Fritz Schreiber from 1924.

The Reformed City Church also has a tradition as a concert venue. The blind court organist Josef Labor gave several concerts in the church from 1905 to 1907, and in the 1930s the choir of the Vienna State Opera, the Wiener Männergesang-Verein and the mezzo-soprano Rosette Anday sang here. In the 1980s, the Mozart-Sängerknaben performed regularly.[31] During the church renovation in 2006, particular attention was paid to making the church "concert-ready". To this end, a sound system was installed, the lighting improved and the communion table fitted with castors.[21] From 2004 to 2011, the Reformed City Church was also an annual venue for the Vienna Independent Shorts film festival.[32]

Pastor and church leadership

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Pastor of the Reformed City Church
Name Term of office
Carl Wilhelm Hilchenbach 1782–1816
Johann Friedrich Schobinger 1789–1790
Carl Cleynmann 1794–1815
Justus Hausknecht 1816–1834
Carl Wilhelm Faesi 1817–1829
Gottfried Franz 1829–1873
Hermann Theodor Ernst 1836–1861
Cornelius August Wilkens 1861–1879
Carl Alphons Witz 1874–1918
Friedrich Otto Schack 1880–1922
Gustav Zwernemann 1913–1946
Johann Karl Egli 1927–1952
Hermann Noltensmeier 1946–1963
Hermann Rippel 1956–1963
Alexander Abrahamowicz 1957–1990
Peter Karner 1965–2004
Erwin Liebert 1990–1995
Johannes Langhoff 1997–2017
Harald Kluge seit 2005
Réka Juhász seit 2017
 
Head of the municipality Moritz von Fries and his wife Maria Theresia Josepha. Painting by Jean-Laurent Mosnier (around 1801)

As a rule, two pastors were employed in the parish at the same time from 1789 onwards. The pastors Carl Wilhelm Hilchenbach, Justus Hausknecht, Gottfried Franz, Friedrich Otto Schack, Gustav Zwernemann, Johann Karl Egli and Peter Karner also held the highest office in the Protestant Church of H. B. in Austria as (provincial) superintendents. The pastor Hermann Rippel was military superintendent of the Evangelical Church A. u. H. B. in Austria.[33] Gegenwärtig bekleiden Harald Kluge seit 2005 und Pfarrerin Réka Juhász seit 2017 das Amt in der Reformierten Stadtkirche.[34]

A presbytery under the chairmanship of a curator replaced the college of rectors in 1861. In the Reformed City Church, it was primarily two Swiss naturalists who shaped parish life as curators in the period up to the First World War. Johann Jakob von Tschudi was in office from 1874 to 1883 and it was during his time that preparations were made for the reconstruction of 1887, which was completed under Karl Brunner-von Wattenwyl, who was curator from 1884 to 1914.[33] From the second half of the 19th century, several members of the Rhenish Schoeller (entrepreneurial family)|Schoeller]] belonged to the community leadership. Alexander von Schoeller opened the circle, initially in 1851 as one of the rectors and from 1862 as a presbyter. In 1867, Gustav Adolph von Schoeller was appointed presbyter in his place, followed by Philipp von Schoeller, who served as presbyter from 1889 to 1915. As late as 1919, Paul Eduard von Schoeller, a member of the Schoeller family, was elected to the presbytery.[35] From 2005 to 2017, Peter Duschet was a specialist physician for skin and venereal diseases and chairman of the specialist group for skin and venereal diseases in the Medical Association for Vienna Trustee of the community.[34][36][37] Gabriele Jandrasits was curator between 2017 and 2023; Norbert Chytil has been curator since October 2023.

Architecture

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Location and floor plan

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Floor plan: the main church hall on the right, the rectory on the left

The Reformed City Church is located at Dorotheergasse 16 in the district between Graben and the Hofburg. It consists of the actual church building and the vicarage to the south of it, which are connected by two side wings and enclose a trapezoidal inner courtyard. The building complex is bordered by the Friesian tenement houses to the west and the Lutheran town church to the south. The main front of the church building and the vicarage face Dorotheergasse, while the northern façade of the church runs along Stallburggasse. Plankengasse forms a visual axis between the church tower and the Donnerbrunnen at Neuer Markt.[14]

Exterior

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The style of the two-zone main façade of the Reformed City Church is neo-baroque. The main zone features Ionic giant pilasters. The main portal in the middle is a metal gate. The windows are framed in neo-baroque style. A segmental gable is attached to the center risalit above the portal axis, to which a broken triangular pediment is superimposed. A vase balustrade leads to the Tuscan corner pilasters.[19] The tower has a height of 42 m. It is bricked up to a height of 30 m.[15] At its top, above a kinked gable, is a high lantern helmet, which is covered with copper.

The side façade facing the courtyard is originally early neoclassical, while the side façade facing Stallburggasse was remodeled in 1887 in the style of the former. Both have two large Thermenfenster. The façade facing Stallburggasse is structured with wall panels. There is a small metal door here, which is similar in design to the main gate from 1887 and is not identical to the Henriettentor built in 1815, which no longer exists. On the outer wall facing the inner courtyard are the two early classicist former main entrances, which are framed by Tuscan half-columns and a straight entablature. [19] Above the former main entrances is a circular memorial plaque dedicated to Emperor Joseph II. Its Latin text is based on a design by Göttinger Professor Christian Gottlob Heyne.[38]

Memorial plaque above the old main entrances
Image of the original inscription Latin translation English translation
Deo optimo maximo sanctissimo
imperatore Iosepho II.
annuente
amor fratrum
faciendum curavit
MDCCLXXXIIII 		  The love of the brothers built this house for the best, greatest, holiest God under the favorable approval of Emperor Joseph II. 1784.

Interior

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Interior of the Reformed City Church

The Reformed City Church is considered the most important neoclassical sacred space in Vienna. The basic structure is a two-bay wall pillar church with two flat pendentive domes, above which there is a roof truss. The former semi-circular apse has been pierced by the inner main portal, which has a triangular gable, since the conversion of 1887. The organ loft is located above it. On both long sides, the organ loft continues in lateral galleries, each with two barrel vaults and thermal windows on both sides of the wall pillars. The balustraded galleries are supported by a total of ten Tuscan columns. The two wall pillars decorated with Tuscan pilasters are each pierced by passages on the ground floor and gallery levels. The narrow side with the pulpit is designed as a triumph arch. It has a basket arch, within which is a segmental arch aedicula with the pulpit and layered Tuscan pilasters. In front of the main room on the long side facing Stallburggasse is a corridor, at the end of which a spiral staircase leads to the galleries. There is a vestibule between the inner and outer main doors facing Dorotheergasse. There are side entrances to the main room on both sides of the inner main portal.[19] After the renovation in 1887, it was originally intended that these two side entrances would provide separate access to the church for each gender and that the inner main portal would only be opened on high feast days, for blessings and funeral receptions.[15] Two further side gates, the former main portals, connect the church directly to the inner courtyard.

The interior is designed without images and crosses. This corresponds to the strict interpretation of the Second Commandment in the Reformed tradition. The grisaille wall paintings imitate stucco in the form of rosettes and acanthus rods.[19] The pictorial design of the domes à l'antica, which resembles the Paris Pantheón, shows the influence of French classicism on Nigelli, who had studied in Paris. classicism on Nigelli, who had studied in Paris.[39] Three wall sayings with gold-colored letters, which were donated by the Wittgenstein family in 1889, are biblical quotations: "Thy kingdom come" is written above the pulpit and on the undersides of the side galleries "All that breathes praise the Lord hallelujah! Ps. 150.6" and "Blessed are those who hear and keep the word of God. Luc. 11.28". There are four memorial plaques on the walls near the pulpit and communion table. The oldest plaque, dated 1822, is dedicated to Pastor Carl Wilhelm Hilchenbach and is introduced with the words: "To the faithful promoter of this building, the pious leader of our souls, the teacher of our youth, the father of our poor". Another plaque commemorates the reconstruction of 1887 and several people involved in it, including architect Ignaz Sowinski. A marble plaque from 1925 commemorates the parishioners who died in the First World War and an exhortation to peace. Its text was written by the theology professor Josef Bohatec.[17] The most recent memorial plaque dates from 2005 and names Zsigmond Varga and Ernst and Gisela Pollack as representatives of the members of the church who were murdered in the concentration camps of the National Socialists. Zsigmond Varga († 1945 in Gusen concentration camp) was a pastor of the Reformed Hungarians in Vienna. Ernst and Gisela Pollack († 1942 in Theresienstadt concentration camp) were benefactors of the congregation.[40]

Rectory

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Courtyard entrance to the parish hall in the rectory

The three-storey early classicist rectory has a street façade facing Dorotheergasse and courtyard façades. The left side of the street façade stands out as a biaxial side risalit. The windows are fitted with volute-consoles and window parapets. Recessed wall bays extend across both upper floors. There are meander-friezes below the windows on the first floor. The street portal of the rectory has just been condemned. Its original wooden door is decorated with festoons. On the west side of the inner courtyard there is a two-storey loggia with round arch-arcades.

The entrance from Dorotheergasse into the inner courtyard features a coffered on wall pillars. barrel vault. The ground floor houses the parish hall, the sexton's apartment and the sacristy. The first floor houses offices for the parish and the church as a whole. There is an exposed door frame here, which is a remnant of the royal monastery from the end of the 16th century. On the second floor there is a vicar's apartment. The attic of the rectory dates from the end of the 18th century. The rectory has a two-storey deep cellar. Two street-facing rooms in the lower basement have cross-ridge vaulting and stitch-cap barrel vaulting, the ridges of which are heavily plastered.[19]

Furnishings and equipment

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Pulpit, communion table and pews

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Pulpit of the Reformed City Church

The position of the pulpit in the center of the wall, facing the direction of view from the pews, identifies the Reformed City Church as a preaching church. The sermon forms the center of the service.[24] The semi-circular, early classicist pulpit dates from 1774 and stands on Tuscan columns and pilasters made of reddish marble. Gilded acanthus ornaments are attached to it. The sounding board has a halo of rays around the Tetragram on the underside.

The communion table below the pulpit is a wooden table with a reddish marble top. It is decorated with gilded festoons and volute consoles. According to tradition, the communion table was assembled from parts of an altar from the former Kamaldulenserkirche am Kahlenberg.[19] During the Coalition Wars, in 1810, the state confiscated all of the parish's church silver and used it as contribution to France. The newly acquired communion tableware made of fire-gilt silver is hallmarked with the year 1807. It consists of a wine jug, two goblets and a bread plate.[41]

The wooden pews and presbyters' chairs date from 1784.[19] In accordance with the Reformed tradition, which does not provide for kneeling down in worship, the pews have no kneeling benches.[41] There are slabs of Kelheim limestone under the pews. The presbyter's chairs intended for the members of the presbytery stand on either side of the communion table and are separated from the rest of the church by freely positioned balustrades.[19]

Bells

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The three church tower bells made by the Grassmayr bell foundry in 1979 are tuned in the minor triad G sharp-B sharp. They bear the following inscriptions:

  • Post tenebras lux
  • I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes in it.
  • Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos.[17]

Organ

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The first organ in the Reformed City Church was built in 1695, presumably came from an abandoned monastery and was probably adapted by the Viennese organ builder Franz Xaver Christoph. It was replaced in 1901 with a new organ by the Dresden organ builder Johannes Jahn and donated to Cilli.[42] The Jahn organ, which had last been renovated in 1929, could not be fundamentally repaired after the Second World War due to a lack of funds. It was ultimately in a desolate condition. In addition, its console was unfavorably located on a narrow side for reasons of space. The following organ was built by the Viennese organ builder Herbert Gollini in 1974. Gollini retained the neoclassical case of the Jahn organ and also continued to use its pipes. The Gollini organ is a mechanical slider chest organ and has 25 stops, which are distributed over two manuals and pedal.[43]

 
Gollini organ in the Reformed City Church

Its Disposition reads:[44]

I Main work C–g3
1. drone 16′
2. Principal 8′
3. Reed flute 8′
4. Octave 4′
5. Pointed flute 4′
6. Quinte
7. Oktave 2′
8. Mixture IV–VI
9. Trumpet 8′
II Swell unit C–g3
10. Gedackt 8′
11. Principal 4′
12. Flute 4′
13. Gemshorn 2′
14. Nasard
15. Sesquialter II
16. Scharff III–IV
17. Krummhorn 8′
Pedal C–f1
18. sub-bass 16′
19. Octave bass 8′
20. Covered bass 8′
21. Choral bass 4′
22. Mixture III
23. Bassoon 16′
24. Trompete 8′
25. Shawl 4′
  • Koppeln: three standard couplers
  • Spielhilfen: Coupling, swell step

Among the personalities employed as organists in the Reformed City Church were Wilhelm Karl Rust (active 1819-1827), Ignaz Lachner (active 1827-1831), Benedict Randhartinger (active 1831-1835), Gottfried Preyer (active 1835-1841) and Eugen Gmeiner (active 1949-1956).[43]

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reformierte Stadtkirche (Wien).

Literature

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  • Peter Karner, ed. (1986), Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  • Die evangelische Kirche in der Dorotheergasse. In: Wiener Bauindustrie-Zeitung/Österreichische Bauzeitung, Year 1887, p. 66 (Online bei ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/wbz
  • Der Umbau des Kirchen- und Pfarrgebäudes der Evangelischen Gemeinde Helvetischer Konfession in Wien. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, Year 1893, p. 87–88 (Online bei ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/abz

References

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  1. ^ Hermann Rippel (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die holländische Gesandtschaftskapelle als Vorgängerin der reformierten Gemeinde in Wien", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 27–29, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  2. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die Gründung der Evangelischen Gemeinde H. C. zu Wien", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 53–54, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  3. ^ a b c d Martha Grüll (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die reformierte Stadtkirche in der Dorotheergasse", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 105–106, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  4. ^ Friedrich Nicolai (1783), Beschreibung einer Reise durch Deutschland und die Schweiz im Jahre 1781. Nebst Bemerkungen über Gelehrsamkeit, Industrie, Religion und Sitten, vol. Zweiter Band, Berlin/Stettin, p. 641
  5. ^ a b c Gottlieb Nigelli. In: Architektenlexikon Wien 1770–1945. Published by the Vienna Architecture Centre. Vienna 2007. Abgerufen am 7. Dezember 2013.
  6. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die Gründung der Evangelischen Gemeinde H. C. zu Wien", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 51, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  7. ^ Baumeister (Pseudonym) (1784), Über das Bethaus der reformierten Gemeinde, nebst einer Kritik über den Gräfl. Friesischen Pallast auf dem Josephsplatze (Gewidmet allen Bauliebhabern und Befördern des guten Geschmacks), Wien Zitiert nach: Hermann Burg (1915), Der Bildhauer Franz Anton Zauner und seine Zeit. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Klassizismus in Österreich (Mit 10 Tafeln und 70 Abbildungen im Texte), Wien: Anton Schroll & Co, p. 61
  8. ^ Baumeister (Pseudonym) (1784), Über das Bethaus der reformierten Gemeinde, nebst einer Kritik über den Gräfl. Friesischen Pallast auf dem Josephsplatze (Gewidmet allen Bauliebhabern und Befördern des guten Geschmacks), Wien Zitiert nach: Martha Grüll (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die reformierte Stadtkirche in der Dorotheergasse", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 110, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  9. ^ Antibaumeister (Pseudonym) (1784), Baumeister als Wiens Trasyllus mit einer Prüfung der Apotheosis seines Lieblingsarchitekten (Mit beygelegtem Plane des Gräflich-Friesischen Hauses und der Kalvinistischen Kirche), Wien Zitiert nach: Martha Grüll (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die reformierte Stadtkirche in der Dorotheergasse", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 107, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  10. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Evangelisch in Wien", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 213, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  11. ^ a b Monika Posch (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Henriette von Nassau-Weilburg. Eine Protestantin im Hause Habsburg", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 75–76, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  12. ^ a b Martha Grüll (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die reformierte Stadtkirche in der Dorotheergasse", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 111–113, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  13. ^ a b Ignaz Stanislaus Sowinski. In: Architektenlexikon Wien 1770–1945. Published by the Vienna Architecture Centre. Vienna 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
  14. ^ a b c d e Der Umbau des Kirchen- und Pfarrgebäudes der Evangelischen Gemeinde Helvetischer Konfession in Wien. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, Year 1893, p. 87 (Online bei ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/abz
  15. ^ a b c d Die evangelische Kirche in der Dorotheergasse. In: Wiener Bauindustrie-Zeitung/Österreichische Bauzeitung, Year 1887, p. 66 (Online bei ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/wbz
  16. ^ Peter Stachel (2007), Moritz Czáky, Federico Celestini, Ulrich Tragatschnig (ed.), "Albert Ilg und die „Erfindung" des Barocks als österreichischer „Nationalstil"", Barock. Ein Ort des Gedächtnisses. Interpretament der Moderne/Postmoderne, Wien/ Köln/ Weimar: Böhlau, pp. 104–105, ISBN 978-3-205-77468-6{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  17. ^ a b c d Martha Grüll (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Die reformierte Stadtkirche in der Dorotheergasse", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 115–117, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  18. ^ Gudrun Wedel (2010), Autobiographien von Frauen. Ein Lexikon, Köln/Weimar/Wien: Böhlau, p. 155, ISBN 978-3-412-20585-0
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  20. ^ Viktor Schlosser (2005-06-21). "Strom vom Himmel". Universität Wien. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  21. ^ a b "Renovierung der Kircheninnenräume Sommer 2006". Evangelische Pfarrgemeinde H. B. Wien Innere Stadt. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  22. ^ "Impressum – Evangelische Kirche H.B. in Österreich". Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  23. ^ Impressum. In: Reformiertes Kirchenblatt. Nr. 9, September 2013, p. 12.
  24. ^ a b Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Gottesdienste", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 156–157, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  25. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Ökumene in Wien", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 232, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  26. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Gottesdienste", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 160–161, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  27. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Gottesdienste", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 162–163, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  28. ^ "Ausztriai Magyar Református Lelkigondozó Szolgálat". Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  29. ^ Vienna Community Church: About us (englisch) (Memento from February 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive)
  30. ^ "Der Henriettenmarkt. Altwiener Advent im Hof der Reformierten Stadtkirche". Evangelische Pfarrgemeinde H. B. Wien Innere Stadt. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  31. ^ Klaus Hehn (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Musik in der Reformierten Stadtkirche", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 122–123, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  32. ^ Eva Müller, Julie Metzdorff, Barbara Kraml: Einreich-Rekord bei VIS 2011. Presseinformation. (PDF-Datei; 74 kB) Vienna Independent Shorts, February 18, 2011, archived from the original (no longer available online) on December 11, 2013; retrieved December 7, 2013.
  33. ^ a b Peter Karner, ed. (1986), Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 237–238, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  34. ^ a b Evangelische Pfarrgemeinde H. B. Wien Innere Stadt: Wir. Menschen in der Reformierten Stadtkirche (Memento from December 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive)
  35. ^ Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Mitglieder der reformierten Gemeinde", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 88, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  36. ^ Praxisplan Dr. Peter Duschet, Page on praxisplan.at, website of the Vienna Medical Association, accessed on August 22, 2016.
  37. ^ Fachgruppenobmänner / -frauen und StellvertreterInnen (Memento from August 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive), Website of the Vienna Medical Association, accessed on October 17, 2020.
  38. ^ Helmut Riege, ed. (1999), Klopstock Briefe 1783–1794 (Bd. 2: Apparat/Kommentar), Hamburger Klopstock-Ausgabe, Briefe Band VIII, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, p. 386
  39. ^ Johann-Friedrich Albert Graf von der Schulenburg (2009), Sakralbauten unter dem Toleranzpatent in der Wiener Innenstadt (Diplomarbeit), Universität Wien, pp. 43–44
  40. ^ "31. Oktober 2005 – Enthüllung der Gedenktafel für Opfer des Nationalsozialismus aus der Gemeinde". Evangelische Pfarrgemeinde H. B. Wien Innere Stadt. 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  41. ^ a b Peter Karner (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Gottesdienste", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, pp. 158–159, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  42. ^ Elisabeth Fritz-Hilscher (2011), Elisabeth Th. Fritz-Hilscher, Helmut Kretschmer (ed.), "Das 19. Jahrhundert (circa 1790/1800 bis 1918)", Wien. Musikgeschichte. Von der Prähistorie bis zur Gegenwart, Wien: LIT, p. 324, ISBN 978-3-643-50368-8
  43. ^ a b Klaus Hehn (1986), Peter Karner (ed.), "Musik in der Reformierten Stadtkirche", Die evangelische Gemeinde H. B. in Wien, Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtgeschichte, vol. 16, Wien: Franz Deuticke, p. 119, ISBN 3-7005-4579-7
  44. ^ "Orgel in der Evang. Reform. Stadtkirche H. B". orgelmusik.at. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
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