Renty Taylor (c. 1775 - after c. 1866), also known as Renty Thompson or Papa Renty, was an African man of the 18th and 19th centuries. Born in the Congo Basin, he was captured and enslaved and brought to the United States and sold as a slave. He worked on the cotton plantation owned by Benjamin Franklin Taylor. He was one of the subjects of the oldest known slave photos, which were taken by Joseph T. Zealy under the supervision of Harvard biologist Louis Agassiz in March 1850, whose ideas were used to support the enslavement of Africans in the United States and promote white supremacy.[1]
Renty Taylor | |
|---|---|
 Renty Taylor in March 1850 (aged roughly 75) | |
| Born | Unknown name c. 1775 |
| Died | unknown; after c. 1866 (aged at least 91) probably Columbia, South Carolina |
| Other names | Renty Thomson, Papa Renty |
| Occupation | Slave |
| Known for | Being one of the subjects of the oldest known slave photos |
| Children | Delia Taylor (fl. March 1850–52) |
Biography
editRenty Taylor was born around 1775 in the Congo; his birth name is today unknown.[1] He was captured by slave traders and arrived in New Orleans on a Spanish slave ship around 1800.[1] He was eventually purchased by Col. Thomas Taylor (1743–1833) during the early 1800s and he eventually made his way to the "Edgehill" plantation at Columbia, South Carolina.[2] Renty Taylor was proud of his African roots and he taught himself to read despite laws against it and taught it to other African-American slaves. Reading would have been risky, even dangerous, for slaves because of anti-literacy laws in the United States.[1]
In March 1850, Louis Agassiz commissioned daguerreotypes, described as "haunting and voyeuristic" of the enslaved Renty Taylor and Taylor's daughter Delia to further his arguments about black inferiority.[3] They are the earliest known photographs of slaves.[4][5][3][6] Agassiz left the images to Harvard and they remained in the Peabody Museum’s attic until 1976 when they were re-discovered by Ellie Reichlin.
In 1852, Renty and his daughter's names appeared on a probate inventory of Benjamin Franklin Taylor's slaves.[7] He eventually took on the name Renty Taylor sometime after the American Civil War ended in 1865.[1] It is unknown when he died and it is also unknown if he was ever freed, although he disappeared from records around 1866, which was three years after Abraham Lincoln had passed the Emancipation Proclamation.
Lawsuit
editIn 2019, Taylor's descendants sued Harvard for the return of the images and unspecified damages.[8] The lawsuit was supported by forty-three living descendants of Louis Agassiz, they wrote a letter of support that read in part "For Harvard to give the daguerreotypes to Ms. Lanier and her family would begin to make amends for its use of the photos as exhibits for the white supremacist theory Agassiz espoused”, and that everyone must evaluate fully "his role in promoting a pseudoscientific justification for white supremacy."[4] Asked what she would do with the images if she won the case, Tamara Lanier, Renty Taylor's great-great-great-granddaughter stated: "I know that this is something that should be in the public domain, and Harvard should not be profiting from the use of these images, and beyond that, it's a matter of dignity and restoring the dignity to Renty."[4]
Lanier v. Harvard was dismissed in 2021, on multiple grounds, including the common law principle that the subject of a photograph holds no property rights in the photo.[9][10] Lanier appealed shortly afterwards.[10]
Documentary
edit- The World Is Watching: Woman Suing Harvard for Photos of Enslaved Ancestors Says History Is At Stake (Video-Interview with Tamara Lanier, the great-great-great-granddaughter of Papa Renty), Democracy Now!, 29 March 2019
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Who was Renty? The story of the slave whose racist photos have triggered a lawsuit against Harvard". USA Today. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Faces of Slavery: A Historical Find". American Heritage. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Who Should Own Photos of Slaves? The Descendants, not Harvard, a Lawsuit Says". March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
- ^ a b c Moser, Erica. "Descendants of racist scientist back Norwich woman in fight over slave images". theday.com. The Day. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Browning, Kellen. "Descendants of slave, white supremacist join forces on Harvard's campus to demand school hand over 'family photos'". www.bostonglobe.com. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ "The World Is Watching: Woman Suing Harvard for Photos of Enslaved Ancestors Says History Is At Stake". Democracy Now!. March 29, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
- ^ Hecimovich, Gregg. "The Life and Times of Alfred, Delia, Drana, Fassena, Jack, Jem, and Renty." Chapter 2 of To Make Their Own Way in the World: The Enduring Legacy of the Zealy Daguerreotypes, edited by Ilisa Barbash, Molly Rogers, Deborah Willis. Cambridge: Peabody Museum Press, 2020: page 82–82.
- ^ Tony Marco, Ray Sanchez and. "The descendants of slaves want Harvard to stop using iconic photos of their relatives". /www.cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Hartocollis, Anemona (2021-03-05). "Images of Slaves Are Property of Harvard, Not a Descendant, Judge Rules". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
- ^ a b "Case Review: Lanier v. Harvard (2021)". Center for Art Law. 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2022-05-09.