The retroflex ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʈ͡ʂʼ⟩, though it is frequently simplified to ⟨tʂʼ⟩ or ⟨ꭧʼ⟩.
| Retroflex ejective affricate | |
|---|---|
| ʈʂʼ | |
| ꭧʼ | |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | t`s`_> |
Features
editFeatures of the retroflex ejective affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz[1] | [example needed] | ||
| Adyghe[2] | чӏыфэ | 'debt' | |
| Gwichʼin[3] | etr'uu | [ɛʈ͡ʂʼuː] | 'arctic tern' |
| Ubykh[4] | /ʈ͡ʂʼɜ/ | 'good' | |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Chirikba, V. A. (2003). Abkhaz. Languages of the World/Materials. Vol. 119. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. p. 19. ISBN 9783895861369.
- ^ "Адыгейский язык: Спирантизация аффрикат". 2015-07-13. Archived from the original on 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Yukon Native Language Centre". Yukon Native Language Centre. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ Fenwick, Rohan S. H. (2011). A Grammar of Ubykh. Munich: Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-86288-050-8.