Rheocles is a genus of Madagascar rainbowfish. Rheocles has a restricted distribution, being found only in certain forested freshwater habitats in the central and eastern highlands of Madagascar including the Nosivolo River.[1] The genus appears to feed almost exclusively on allochthonous material, primarily insects falling onto the water surface.[2]
| Rheocles | |
|---|---|
| |
| Rheocles alaotrensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Atheriniformes |
| Family: | Melanotaeniidae |
| Subfamily: | Bedotiinae |
| Genus: | Rheocles D. S. Jordan & C. L. Hubbs, 1919 |
| Type species | |
| Eleotris sikorae Sauvage, 1891
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| Synonyms | |
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Taxonomy
editIn a 1990 study, this genus is monophyletic.[2] However, in a 2004 analysis, it was found that Rheocles was paraphyletic, forming two distinct clades. R. alaotrensis, R. lateralis, and R. wrightae (all species that are not discernibly sexually dimorphic was recovered as the sister taxon of the rest of the bedotiids, including Bedotia sister to R. vatosa + R. derhami. R. pellegrini and R. sikorae were excluded from this study due to lack of available material, however, R. sikorae is considered to be the sister taxon to R. wrightae.[3]
Species
editThere are currently seven recognized species in this genus:[4]
- Rheocles alaotrensis (Pellegrin, 1914) (Katrana)
- Rheocles derhami Stiassny & D. M. Rodríguez, 2001
- Rheocles lateralis Stiassny & Reinthal, 1992
- Rheocles pellegrini (Nichols & La Monte, 1931)
- Rheocles sikorae (Sauvage, 1891)
- Rheocles vatosoa Stiassny, D. M. Rodríguez & Loiselle, 2002
- Rheocles wrightae Stiassny, 1990
Description
editRheocles species are robust bedotiids with little lateral body compression.[2] R. vatosa and R. derhami are sexually dimorphic, with males exhibiting larger adult size, enhanced coloration and pigmentation, as well as pronounced development of the unpaired fins.[3]
Conservation
editIts close association with forested biotopes suggests that, like so many other rainforest-adapted series, Rheocles is extremely vulnerable to deforestation pressure.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b Stiassny, Melanie L. J.; Reinthal, Peter N. (February 24, 1992). "Description of a New Species of Rheocles (Atherinomorpha, Bedotiidae) from the Nosivolo Tributary, Mangoro River, Eastern Malagasy Republic". American Museum Novitates (3301). American Museum of Natural History: 1–8. hdl:2246/4996.
- ^ a b c Stiassny, Melanie L. J. (August 7, 1990). "Notes on the Anatomy and Relationships of the Bedotiid Fishes of Madagascar, with a Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Rheocles (Atherinomorpha: Bedotiidae)". American Museum Novitates (2979). American Museum of Natural History: 1–33. hdl:2246/5063.
- ^ a b Sparks, John S.; Smith, W. Leo (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the Malagasy and Australasian rainbowfishes (Teleostei: Melanotaenioidei): Gondwanan vicariance and evolution in freshwater" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 719–734. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.002. PMID 15522799.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Rheocles". FishBase. June 2012 version.