Riccardo Bauer (1896–1982) was an Italian anti-fascist journalist and political figure. He was one of the early Italians who fought against Benito Mussolini's rule.[1] Due to his activities Bauer was imprisoned for a long time and was freed only after the collapse of the Fascist rule in 1943.
Riccardo Bauer | |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 January 1896 |
| Died | 15 October 1982 (aged 86) Milan |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1920s–1969 |
| Known for |
|
| Parent(s) | Francesco Bauer Giuseppina Cairoli |
Biography
editRiccardo Bauer was born in Milan on 6 January 1896.[2] His parents were Francesco who was from Bohemia and Giuseppina Cairoli.[2] In 1922 he began to collaborate with La Rivoluzione Liberale, an anti-Fascist magazine by Piero Gobetti.[2] In July 1924 he founded an anti-fascist magazine, Il Caffè, which existed until May 1925.[3] In 1926 Bauer helped Filippo Turati's escape from Milan to Paris due to the oppression of the Fascist rule.[2] The same year Bauer was arrested and was in prison for seven months.[2] Then he was sentenced to two years of confinement first on the island of Ustica and then in Lipari between January and 10 April 1928.[2] Back in Milan, Bauer resumed his activities and founded the Giustizia e Libertà movement with Ernesto Rossi which laid the basis of the Action Party.[4][5] On 30 November 1930 Bauer, Ferruccio Parri and Umberto Ceva were arrested.[4] Bauer was sentenced to 20 years in prison and was released only after the end of the Fascist rule on 25 July 1943.[2]
In November 1943 Bauer was elected as a board member and the chairman of the board of the Action Party in the first convention held in Florence in secret.[2][6] Bauer was one of the leaders of the armed Giustizia e Libertà units operating in Rome.[2] Together with Giorgio Amendola and Sandro Pertini, he was part of its central military committee.[2] Following the end of Fascist rule Bauer became one of the leading figures of the Action Party in Rome.[7] He was president of the Humanitarian Society in Milan from 1950 to 1969.[2][8] He died at a clinic in Milan on 15 October 1982.[5]
References
edit- ^ Isabella Richet (2018). Women, Antifascism and Mussolini's Italy: The Life of Marion Cave Rosselli. London; New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-78672-525-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Bauer, Riccardo" (in Italian). Digital Library. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ Niamh Cullen (2009). "The intellectual community of La Rivoluzione Liberale". Modern Italy. 14 (1): 30. doi:10.1080/13532940802285509. S2CID 143930803.
- ^ a b Stanislao G. Pugliese (Winter 2007). "In Defense of Liberal Socialism: Carlo Rosselli's Legacy". Italian Americana. 25 (1): 30. JSTOR 41330566.
- ^ a b "Riccardo Bauer, a Socialist hero of the pre-World War". United Press International. Milan. 15 October 1982. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ Norman Kogan (June 1953). "The Italian Action Party and the Institutional Question". The Western Political Quarterly. 6 (2): 279. doi:10.2307/442162. JSTOR 442162.
- ^ Douglass Charles Day (1982). The Shaping of Postwar Italian Politics: Italy 1945-1948 (PhD thesis). The University of Chicago. p. 40. ISBN 979-8-205-08303-4. ProQuest 303267078.
- ^ Emiliana P. Noether (December 1971). "Italian Intellectuals under Fascism". The Journal of Modern History. 43 (4): 634. doi:10.1086/240685. S2CID 144377549.