The Rice Institute Computer, also known as the Rice Computer[1] or R1, was a 54-bit tagged architecture[2] digital computer built during 1958–1961[3] (partially operational beginning in 1959) on the campus of Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States. Operating as Rice's primary computer until the middle 1960s, the Rice Institute Computer was decommissioned in 1971. The system initially used vacuum tubes and semiconductor diodes for its logic circuits; some later peripherals were built in solid-state emitter-coupled logic. It was designed by Martin H. Graham.[4] A copy of the machine called OSAGE was built and operated at the University of Oklahoma.
Memory
editMemory was implemented using a variety of technologies over the lifetime of the R1. Originally a cathode ray tube or "Williams tube" array, RCA core memory was introduced in 1966, followed by Ampex core memory in 1967. Following those two upgrades, the R1 had reached its full 32k word capacity, although the original electrostatic memory was soon decommissioned due to falling reliability in its old age.
Architecture
editThe R1 had seven memory-mapped general-purpose processor registers, each 54 bits in size, in addition to a constant zero register. For memory addressing, seven 16-bit "B-Registers" were used. The program counter was also held in a writable "B-Register". See the table below for conventions and hardware-enforced usage of these registers.
| Address | Abbreviation | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | Constant zero register |
| 1 | U | Universal math register |
| 2 | R | Remainder |
| 3 | S | Storage |
| 4–7 | T4–T7 | Fast temporary storage |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Thornton, Adam. "A Brief History of the Rice Computer 1959-1971". Archived from the original on February 24, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2013. (mostly written in [or before] 1994, and archived by the Wayback Machine on a date indicated [by "20080224"] in the URL)
- ^ Feustel, Edward A. (July 1973). "On the Advantages of Tagged Architecture" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Computers: 644–656. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2013., section "II.", "PREVIOUS WORK"
- ^ "Computers and Data Processors, North America: 6. The Rice Institute, Computer Project, Houston, Texas". Digital Computer Newsletter. 12 (2): 9–10. Apr 1960.
- ^ "Oral-History:Martin Graham - Engineering and Technology History Wiki". 26 January 2021.
External links
edit- An entry at http://ricehistorycorner.com/2012/01/31/new-info-on-the-rice-computers/ ("New Info on the Rice Computers") by Melissa Keane has some historical information about the Rice Computer (R1) ("and" the R2 also) and it offers at least one photo (with a link to a larger copy of the photo). It also offers at least one old document – the document dated "1 July 71" can be seen at http://ricehistorycorner.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/r1-3.jpg
- Weik, Martin H. (Mar 1961). "RICE UNIVERSITY". ed-thelen.org. A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems.
- YouTube video "The Completed Computer"
