Richard Otto Maack (also Richard Karlovich Maak; Russian: Ричард Карлович Маак; 4 September 1825 – 25 November 1886) was a Russian naturalist, geographer, and anthropologist. He is most known for his exploration of the Russian Far East and Siberia,[1] particularly the Ussuri and Amur River valleys.[2] He wrote some of the first scientific descriptions of the natural history of remote Siberia and collected many biological specimens, many of which were original type specimens of previously unknown species.[2]
Richard Maack | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 4 September 1825 Kuressaare, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 25 November 1886 (aged 61) Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Occupation(s) | Naturalist, geographer, botanist, and educator |
Ethnically Maack was a Baltic German from Estonia;[3] however, the Russian Empire controlled this country during his lifetime. He was a member of the Siberian branch of the Russian Geographical Society.[4]
Biography
edit
Maack was born in Kuressaare, Estonia and studied natural sciences at the University of St. Petersburg. In 1852 he became a professor of natural sciences at the Gymnasium in Irkutsk and later director of the school. From 1868 to 1879, he was the superintendent of all schools of northern Siberia.
During the 1850s he undertook a number of expeditions in Siberia including those to the Amur River valley (1855–1856) and the Ussuri River (1859). He also participated in the Russian Geographical Society's first expedition (1853–55) to describe the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona River basins.[5]
He is credited with discovering Syringa reticulata var. amurensis simultaneously and independently of Carl Maximowicz.[6]
Plants named after him
editMaack is most famous for collecting previously unknown species and sending specimens back for scientific descriptions and naming. A number of those he found on his Amur River expedition bear his name.[7]
- Maackia amurensis — Amur maackia
- Lonicera maackii — Amur Honeysuckle
- Prunus maackii — Amur choke cherry
- Iris maackii — water tolerant Iris
- Aster maackii
-
Amur maackia is a small tree. -
Amur Bush Honeysuckle -
Amur choke cherry is a small tree.
Animals named after him
edit- Pelodiscus maackii (Brandt, 1857) — Amur softshell turtle[8]
Plants named by him
edit- Nymphaea tetragona var. wenzelii (Maack) F.Henkel et al.
- Pleopeltis ussuriensis Regel & Maack
- Rubia chinensis Regel & Maack
Selected publications
edit- Puteshestvie na Amur/Путешествие на Амур (Travels on the Amur). 1859. St. Petersburg.
- Puteshestvie v dolinu reki Ussuri/Путешествие в долину реки Уссури (Journey through the Ussuri river valley). 1861. St. Petersburg.
- Вилюйский округ Якутской области (Vilyuysky District of Yakutsk Oblast) (1877–86)
- Очерк флоры Уссурийской страны (Essay about flora of Ussuri land). 1862.
- Енисейская губерния (Yenisei province) in the "List of settlements Russian Empire".
References
edit- ^ The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture by Liberty Hyde Bailey, 1916, pg. 124.
- ^ a b "Antiquarian Books". Archived from the original on February 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-16. Maak, R.K. Atlas to «Travel on the Amur river made by order of the Siberian department of the Emperor’s Russian Geographical Society in 1855». Saint-Petersburg, S.F. Soloviev, 1859.
- ^ CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names 2000, By Umberto Quattrocchi. p. 1573.
- ^ Literature of Travel and Exploration 2002. By Jennifer Speake. Taylor & Francis. p. 1040.
- ^ Great Soviet Encyclopedia Richard Maak. Materials provided by the project Rubrikon.
- ^ Lilacs By John L. Fiala, 2002 p. 45. Timber Press.
- ^ Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants, p. 196, at Google Books
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Maack", p. 164).
- ^ International Plant Names Index. Maack.