Professor Roger Hugh Stephen Carpenter (2 September 1945 – 27 October 2017[1]) was an English neurophysiologist, Professor of Oculomotor Physiology at the University of Cambridge.
Roger Carpenter | |
|---|---|
 Roger Carpenter | |
| Born | 2 September 1945 |
| Died | 27 October 2017 |
| Nationality | English |
| Citizenship | British |
| Alma mater | University of Cambridge |
| Known for | publications |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Cambridge |
Early life
editCarpenter was educated at Gresham's School, Holt, Norfolk, where he was a member of Farfield (1958–1963),[2] and then at Cambridge.
Career
editBefore being appointed as Professor of Oculomotor Physiology in the University of Cambridge, Carpenter was a Director of Studies in Medicine at Caius College. In his principal field, mechanisms of consciousness, his position can be described as a one-way Cartesian. He was the creator of EPIC (the Experimental Physiology Instrumentation Computer) and NeuroLab, a set of interactive demonstrations on the working of the human brain.[3][4][5]
In his spare time, he ran the CUDOS project (Cambridge University Distributed Opportunity Systems), aimed at using medical students' gap year between school and university.[3][6] He directed the musical ensembles the Susato Consort and Susato Baroque Ensemble.
In 2000, Carpenter was one of a group of twenty inaugural winners of a National Teaching Award of £50,000 from the Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education.[7]
Interests
editCarpenter focussed on mechanisms of decision in his work. Measurement of saccadic latency, the time taken to choose a visual target and initiate an eye movement, is a reliable method for obtaining reaction time data. This work has inspired a model referred to as LATER (Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate) to explain the decision mechanism. Technological advances enabled oculomotor measurements to be made both quickly and non-invasively, using micro-devices which have many clinical applications.[8] He also had professional interests in vision in general, motor systems, and physiological mechanisms of consciousness.[3]
On a Cambridge web site, Carpenter described himself as "Philosopher, mad scientist, and artiste extraordinaire".[3]
Selected publications
editGenest, W., Hammond, R. & Carpenter, R. H. S. The random dot tachistogram: a novel task that elucidates the functional architecture of decision. Scientific Reports 2016; DOI: 10.1038/srep30787, 1-11
Noorani, I. & Carpenter, R. H. S. The LATER model of reaction time and decision. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2016; 64, 229–251.
Noorani, I., & Carpenter, R.H.S. Antisaccades as decisions: LATER model predicts latency distributions and error responses. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2013: 37 330-338
Carpenter, R. H. S., Reddi, B. A. J. Neurophysiology: A Conceptual Approach. 5th edition. London: Hodder, 2012.
Noorani, I, Gao, M. J., Pearson, B. C. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Predicting the timing of wrong decisions. Experimental Brain Research 2011; 209: 587-598
Anderson, A. J. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Saccadic latency in deterministic environments: getting back on track after the unexpected happens. Journal of Vision. 2010; 10:14 12
Carpenter, R. H. S., Reddi, B. A. J., & Anderson, A. J. A simple two-stage model predicts response time distributions. Journal of Physiology 2009. 587, 4051–4062.
Story, G. W. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Dual LATER-unit model predicts saccadic reaction time distributions in gap, step and appearance tasks. Experimental Brain Research. 2009; 193:287-296
Roos, J. C. P., Calandrini, D. M. & Carpenter, R. H. S. A single mechanism for the timing of spontaneous and evoked saccades. Experimental Brain Research. 2008;187:283-93.
Temel, Y., Visser-Vandewalle, V. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Saccadic latency during electrical stimulation of the human subthalamic nucleus. Current Biology. 2008;18:R412-4.
Oswal, A., Ogden, M. & Carpenter, R. H. S. The time-course of stimulus expectation in a saccadic decision task. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2007;97:2722-30.
Anderson, A. J. & Carpenter, R. H. S. The effect of stimuli that isolate S-cones on early saccades and the gap effect. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2007; 275:335-44.
Taylor, M. J., Carpenter, R. H. S. & Anderson, A. J. A noisy transform predicts saccadic and manual reaction times to changes in contrast. Journal of Physiology 2006; 573: 241-251
Carpenter, R. H. S. & Anderson, A. J. The death of Schrödinger's cat and of consciousness-based quantum wave-function collapse. Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie 2006; 31: 1-8
Sinha, N., Brown, J. T. G. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Task switching as a two-stage decision process. Journal of Neurophysiology 2006; 95: 3146–3153.
McDonald, S. A., Carpenter, R. H. S. & Shillcock R. C. An anatomically-constrained, stochastic model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review 2005; 112: 814–840.
Carpenter, R. H. S. Homeostasis: a plea for a unified approach. Advances in Physiology Education 2004; 28: S180-187.
Carpenter, R. H. S. Contrast, probability and saccadic latency: evidence for independence of detection and decision. Current Biology 2004; 14: 1576–1580.
Reddi, B. A. J. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Venous excess: a new approach to cardiovascular control and its teaching. Journal of Applied Physiology 2004; 98: 356–364.
Nouraei, S. A. R., de Pennington, N., Jones, J. G. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Dose-related effect of sevoflurane sedation on the higher control of eye movements and decision-making. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2003; 91: 175-83
Reddi, B. A. J. & Asrress, K. N. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Accuracy, information and response time in a saccadic decision task. Journal of Neurophysiology 2003; 90: 3538-46
Leach, J. C. D. & Carpenter, R. H. S. Saccadic choice with asynchronous targets: evidence for independent randomisation. Vision Research 2001; 41: 3437–45.
Carpenter, R. H. S. Express saccades: is bimodality a result of the order of stimulus presentation? Vision Research 2001; 41: 1145–1151.
Reddi, B. A. J. & Carpenter, R. H. S. The influence of urgency on decision time. Nature Neuroscience 2000; 3: 827–831.
Carpenter, R. H. S. A neural mechanism that randomises behaviour. Journal of Consciousness Studies 1999; 6: 13–22.
Carpenter, R. H. S, & Kinsler, V. Saccadic eye movements while reading music. Vision Research 1995; 35: 1447–1458.
Carpenter, R. H. S. & Williams, M. L. L. Neural computation of log likelihood in the control of saccadic eye movements. Nature 1995; 377: 59–62.
Carpenter, R. H. S. Movements of the Eyes. 2nd edition. London: Pion, 1988.
Carpenter, R. H. S. Cerebellectomy and the transfer-function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the decerebrate cat. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 1972; 181: 353-374
References
edit- ^ "Professor Roger Carpenter SCD (1945-2017)". 27 October 2017.
- ^ Old Greshamian Club Book (Cheverton & Son Ltd., 1999), p. 43
- ^ a b c d RHSC at acad.cai.cam.ac.uk
- ^ EPIC at acad.cai.cam.ac.uk
- ^ NeuroLab page at acad.cai.cam.ac.uk
- ^ CUDOS home page at cudos.ac.uk
- ^ The Saccadic System: A Neurological Microcosm at acnr.co.uk (pdf file)
- ^ Professor Roger Carpenter at neuroscience.cam.ac.uk
External links
edit- Full publications Roger Carpenter, Professor of Oculomotor Physiology at cam.ac.uk
- R. H. S. Carpenter, A neural mechanism that randomises behaviour (1999), full text online at cam.ac.uk
- R. H. S. Carpenter, Express saccades: is bimodality a result of the order of stimulus presentation? (2001), full text online at cam.ac.uk